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“We’re Out of Water” These are terrible words to hear but unfortunately are uttered frequently by people in Northern California.

Entire cities such as Mendocino, CA, and countless homes on private wells are living with this chilling reality. Apparently, recent restrictions on surface water sources for irrigation have forced farmers to dig wells and utilize subterranean groundwater to keep their crops alive. Agricultural water use in the US accounts for 70% of all water use, so it’s no surprise that wells serving cities and private homes have now gone dry.

The next words we may hear if the agricultural wells dry up are WE’RE OUT OF FOOD.

What to do? We have always relied on the hydrologic cycle (water-evaporation-condensation-rain) to replenish water on the ground as well as water under the ground in aquifers. This natural cycle is proving to be less reliable because of climate-related drought conditions covering significant areas of the globe. Technology needs to be the cure.

There is a finite volume of water on and within the world. The first law of thermodynamics assures us of this volume forever. Because of the issue of high salt levels and mankind’s centuries of pollution, most water is unusable for humans, animals, and plants. Enter the technology of seawater reverse osmosis referred to as desalination or simply desal. This process as well as other emerging technologies can easily overcome present and future water “shortages”, especially in coastal areas.

Desal system construction is impeded by a huge list of regulations and objections by well-intended environmental groups filing costly, obstructive suits. For the survival of the human species and various economies without outbreaks of hostilities, it is imperative that desal systems be constructed in large numbers along worldwide coasts to supplement nature when needed. Private enterprise could make this happen if government agencies including courts would have a sense of urgency and a better understanding of the technology. As recently as December 2020 in SCIENCE, DuPont and UT, Austin announced a 30% to 40% drop in desal water production cost. The government could be incentivized by receiving a per gallon production fee and environmentalists receiving a fee also to develop and enforce anti-pollution programs.

Of significance in the SCIENCE report, for the first time the physical chemistry of how membranes actually perform the salt/water separation. Further stated was up to time, manufacturers have been operating in the dark for 40 years. This huge leap in knowledge will undoubtedly make the process even more financially viable. Typically, there is a cascade of new and improved products after such information is available.

Producing useable water from seawater is one leg of a stool. To be an effective, more intelligent use of water especially by agriculture and pollution prevention become the other two legs to support a long-term stable desal platform. The Israelis have perfected crop watering methods and freely dispense their technologies for others to use.

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Unless you are old enough to remember early TV shows sponsored by 20 MULE TEAM BORAX, there’s a good chance that you have never heard of boron.

As a close cousin to carbon on the Periodic Table of Elements, boron is a very lightweight element that appears worldwide on land and in the oceans in various concentrations. Scientists have not universally agreed whether boron originally comes from the sea and aerosols to land or dissolves from land sources and finds its way to the sea via surface water discharge. It doesn’t exist naturally as the element boron, but rather as solid boric acid (H3BO3) or as borax (Na2[B4O5(OH)4].8H2O). Both forms are readily water-soluble, so boron can also be found in well water supplies because it dissolves in rainwater and percolates through the soil into aquifers. Aquifers in contact with borax mineral deposits as well as those with seawater intrusion will also have elevated boron levels.

Commercial uses for boron compounds range from improving rare earth magnets for electric vehicle batteries to a detergent additive. As a detergent additive, borax (see above formula) actually precipitates the calcium (hardness) and leaves the sodium in the water. This process is similar to physical water treatment non-salt water softeners which are rapidly replacing salt-type water softeners with devices that use zero water and discharge zero pollutants to drain.

Both the medical and the agricultural communities refer to boron as a micronutrient. In this status, some presence of boron is vital to human and animal development as well as plant health. For humans and animals, boron works in concert with vitamin D to assist the assimilation of calcium which is necessary for bone, tooth, and brain tissue growth and maintenance. Its importance is so much so that those with a deficiency of vitamin D, maybe due to a lack of sun exposure, often take vitamin d drops to maintain this balance. Ideally, humans will ingest approximately 1 mg of boron daily through the consumption of green, leafy vegetables, drinking water, and non-citrus fruits. Above 3 milligrams daily some health issues may arise including diarrhea, vomiting, indigestion, and headaches. Fatal doses are in the 15,000 to 20,000 range. Drinking water has the potential of raising the boron intake above healthy levels, thus the USEPA sets a non-mandated limit of 2 (children) to 3 (adults) milligrams per liter; the World Health Organization limit is 2.4 mg/l, and states including California set an upper limit of 1 mg/l.

In plant growth, the effective uptake and use of phosphorus and calcium are assured with only trace amounts of boron available at the roots. This presence follows Liebig’s Law of Minimums meaning that in the absence of boron, plants will not absorb phosphorus or calcium at sufficient levels regardless of how much is applied. Unlike standard human upper tolerance levels, damages to plants begin at in-the-water levels of >0.5 mg/l for blackberries and cannabis to >15 mg/l for asparagus.

If there is insufficient boron present, there are readily available supplements for humans, animals and crops. Excess boron, especially in water, is an entirely different issue. The go-to technology of reverse osmosis simply doesn’t work. The low energy of the boron ion negates ion diffusion upon which osmosis membrane rejection depends upon. Likewise, traditional ion exchange resins fail to remove boron regardless of what regenerant chemical is used. Recently, an adsorption filter medium selective to boron and not interfered by other ions has become available. Devices are available as disposable point-of-use cartridges for point-of-use drinking water applications as well as regenerating small and large pressure vessels for agricultural applications. Typically, a bit pricey, but proven to be effective. The agricultural versions often mean having a viable business or not.

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According to the U.S. Department of the Interior USGS division, 70% of all fresh water worldwide is consumed in growing crops. Some countries such as Israel, Saudi Arabia and states like California, Florida and the Dakotas, have higher percentages. With drought conditions predicted in 2021 and 2022 for much of the world and the western US in particular, treatment opportunities for water professionals should be significant.

The problem associated with much of the accessible irrigation water is brackishness that slows or stops water from adequately following the xylems (capillary network) in plants. This results in the need to over water and if not over watered, plants and their nutritional value are significantly reduced. Needless to say, this excess water is subtracted from available supplies for homes and industry.

Historically, the brackishness is countered by continued over watering (until sources are exhausted) or by employing R.O. systems which in addition to high capital and operating costs is counterproductive because of waste streams. Much of the World has found relief by employing magnetic devices especially in Russia, Eastern European countries and Israel where resources are scarce. One of the best university studies is available through Research Gate www.researchgate.net/publication/284724980 “Impact of Magnetic Water on Plant Growth” coauthored by Jaime da Silva of Japan and Judit Dobranszki of Debrecan University in Hungary. Typical reported results document water savings in the 10% range which could ease drought conditions by billions of gallons in the US.

All published effectiveness reports on magnetic water treatment for irrigation come up short on the issue of why the process works, which understandably creates skepticism at a professional level. The answer may be found in a recently published research book by Gerald H. Pollack, PhD Engineering titled The Fourth Phase of Water. Numerous and well-documented experiments on the properties of water were carried out by Dr. Pollack and his research assistants at his laboratory at the University of Washington. His work reveals that energy (infrared and EMF) applied to water causes a particular hexagonal structuring of water molecules while simultaneously releasing hydrogen ions that create hydronium (H 3 O) molecules in close proximity water. Further tests in the book postulate enhanced capillary action and a unique look at why this occurs.

We believe that a magnetic field can be the energy that changes the water structure to that described by Dr. Pollack. As an explanation of this phenomenon, think of how an electrical generator works: In its simplest form, an outside energy source such as an engine or a turbine moves a conductor (wire) in an electro magnetic field which results in movement of electrons in the wire which defines electricity. The quantitive expression of this is FARADAY’S LAW or EMF = v x B x L x sin A where:

EMF = Electro Motive (or Magnetic) Force or Volts (V) output

v = the velocity of the conductor in meters/sec. (Velocity is a vector which must include direction as opposed to speed which doesn’t require a directional component.)

B = magnetic field strength in Gauss units as opposed to Tesla units

L = length of conductor in meters

A = the angularity of the conductor relative to the magnetic field which defines velocity vs. speed. It is 90 0 in a pipe configuration with magnets on the circumference as most existing systems are constructed. The sin of 90 0 = 1, so it does not affect the voltage value.

In our math modeling of a system, the outside energy to run the “generator” is the water pump feeding the irrigation line, the wire (conductor) is water which of course is conductive unless it is D.I. or distilled water, the velocity is the result of flow rate, length of conductor is the length from in to out of device and field strength is the result of typically permanent magnets along with their type, quantity and placement. By applying the right-hand rule, the positive pole is on the inlet of the device. Knowing the resistance of the water column within the device by either measurement or using a TDS/CONDUCTIVITY CHART resistance can be determined and using OHM’S LAW V=IR with voltage from above I (amps) can be solved for as I = V/R. Finally, we can determine the energy going into the water which is derived from WATT’S LAW P=VI where P = Power in watts, a universal expression of energy. Through algebraic manipulation of ohms law, P in watts can also be expressed as P = I 2 R. Trial calculations show volts, amps and watts in the milli range.

This presentation is an expression of DC (Direct Current) power. Multiple magnet fields will produce a pulsing DC voltage and by axially changing magnetic field polarization from field to field, AC (Alternating Current) power will be produced. Hopefully this presentation will overcome some of the stigma associated with magnets and provide a plausible explanation for their efficacy in agricultural water applications.

We encourage people in the traditional water conditioning industry to align themselves with one of the many suppliers of agricultural magnetic systems. By offering such devices, we believe many millions of gallons of irrigation water can be diverted to residential and commercial uses which is especially important during drought conditions. For further interesting information on water properties, we recommend purchasing and studying Dr. Pollack’s book.

Phoenix, Arizona, a city known for its scorching summers, is grappling with the effects of an ongoing drought that has placed strain on its water resources. As a result, the possibility of water rationing looms, bringing forth the need to manage household water supply and brace for potential increases in water bills.

Water rationing aims to ensure equitable distribution of water resources during times of scarcity. In a city accustomed to an instant and seemingly limitless supply of water, the implementation of rationing measures would significantly impact households. The once freely accessible water could now be limited, necessitating a shift in water usage habits.

Under water rationing, households would receive a predetermined allocation of water, restricting the amount available for daily use. This means that activities such as watering lawns, filling swimming pools, or indulging in lengthy showers may need to be curtailed. Adjustments to daily routines and a greater emphasis on water conservation become paramount.

While the immediate concern of water rationing may be a reduced supply, it is important to consider the potential impact on water bills as well. As demand exceeds supply, water utilities may need to adjust their pricing structures to reflect the scarcity. This could result in increased water bills for households in Phoenix, as they pay for the limited water they consume.

To navigate these challenges, it becomes imperative for households to adopt water-saving practices. Installing low-flow fixtures, fixing leaks promptly, and embracing efficient irrigation systems can help minimize water usage. Additionally, practicing mindful landscaping by opting for drought-resistant plants and utilizing rainwater harvesting techniques can contribute to water conservation efforts.

Phoenix Water Conservation Solutions

As Phoenix faces the reality of water rationing due to drought, it is crucial for residents to recognize the significance of conserving this precious resource. By embracing water-saving habits and adjusting their expectations around water usage, households can not only adapt to the changes brought on by rationing but also contribute to the long-term sustainability of water in Phoenix.

We have all become accustomed to our utilities– electricity, water, natural gas– being available 24/7 with the flick of a switch, turn of a faucet handle or turn of an oven knob. Some homes and offices designated as being “smart” actually control the utility use from a computer controller programmed for convenience or conservation with remote access for immediate changes to accommodate altered situations.

The result of this convenience has caused there to be an attitude that the utilities will always be there when needed. Demographics, climate and government policies are for sure going to alter this attitude. Demographics indicate that an older population will be shifting to warmer urban centers such as Phoenix, Las Vegas and San Diego in the southwest and almost any city in Florida and Georgia in the southeast. Electricity production, regardless of its source and cost, can be increased and diverted. Natural gas, which is in surplus supply⁽¹⁾, too can be diverted to growth areas.  The remaining utility, water, cannot be diverted or new sources produced, so somehow an increase in population in certain areas (read U.S. southwest) must be accommodated by existing sources. The answer is conservation.

Water district bills, newspapers and radio/TV ads encourage conservation. Phoenix and Las Vegas are apparently going to “force” conservation by limiting the amount of water each connection will be entitled to. Surely others will follow especially if their approach and methods are successful.  Apparently, tiered pricing has not encouraged the affluent or the entitled to sufficiently cut back.

One conservation approach is mostly overlooked. That is the water discharged to drain by water softeners and filters. It’s not unusual for this to be 150 gallons a week or more. Don’t be fooled by high efficiency softeners. They do not waste as much water per regeneration cycle, but regenerate more frequently thus the same waste over a period of time. The answer may be a Dime Water Aquafer. These whole home treatment systems prevent damaging hard water scale, discharge zero water to drain, use no salt or chemicals, have no valve requiring service and have a demonstrated service-free life averaging 15+ years. In addition, these systems filter chlorine out of water, significantly reduce chloramines, permanently remove heavy metals and the filter medium acts as a biocide to prevent fouling within the system. The Aquafer is an excellent replacement for an existing water wasting water softener or softener/filter combination. Inside, garage or outside installation. For space issues or the budget conscious, we offer the scale prevention feature only as our ESF-2.0 product.

1. The current crop of politicians is virtue signaling by turning thumbs down on natural gas. California is leading the drive by a mandate forbidding sale of all NG appliances and not issuing permits for gas lines to new construction. Unknown is how rapidly technology can overcome available mineral shortages, distribution buildout and supply chain issues to keep up with exponential growth in electricity needs.

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Las Vegas, known for its glitz and glamour, is no stranger to the challenges posed by water scarcity. With drought conditions persisting, the city now faces the possibility of water rationing. This article explores how such measures can impact the typically abundant water supply to households and potentially increase water bills. Let’s delve into the intricacies of water conservation in Las Vegas during this period of drought.

In a city heavily dependent on imported water resources, the threat of water rationing looms large. Las Vegas, situated in the arid Mojave Desert, relies on Lake Mead and the Colorado River for its water supply. However, with these water sources experiencing historic lows due to drought, rationing becomes an essential tool for managing the available resources.

Water rationing would mean a significant departure from the usual instant and limitless water supply enjoyed by Las Vegas households. Residents may face restrictions on outdoor water usage, including limits on lawn watering, car washing, and pool filling. Such measures are necessary to prioritize essential water needs and ensure equitable distribution among residents.

Las Vegas has long recognized the importance of water conservation. Rationing serves as a reminder to implement additional conservation measures. Residents can take proactive steps to reduce their water consumption by fixing leaks, installing water-efficient appliances, and adopting sustainable landscaping practices. Embracing these changes will not only help mitigate the impact of water rationing but also contribute to the long-term sustainability of Las Vegas water resources.

While water rationing aims to balance supply and demand, it can have financial implications for households. As water becomes a scarcer resource, water bills may see an upward trend. The reduced availability of water coupled with the cost of implementing conservation measures and maintaining water infrastructure could lead to higher rates. It becomes imperative for residents to prioritize water conservation efforts to mitigate the impact on their Las Vegas water bills.

As the drought persists and water rationing becomes a reality, it is crucial to strike a balance between meeting household water needs and conserving water for future generations. The Las Vegas community must come together to explore innovative strategies for water management, such as utilizing reclaimed water and implementing advanced irrigation techniques. Public awareness campaigns and educational programs can play a vital role in fostering a culture of water conservation among residents.

Las Vegas Water Conservation Solutions

We have all become accustomed to our utilities– electricity, water, natural gas– being available 24/7 with the flick of a switch, turn of a faucet handle or turn of an oven knob. Some homes and offices designated as being “smart” actually control the utility use from a computer controller programmed for convenience or conservation with remote access for immediate changes to accommodate altered situations.

The result of this convenience has caused there to be an attitude that the utilities will always be there when needed. Demographics, climate and government policies are for sure going to alter this attitude. Demographics indicate that an older population will be shifting to warmer urban centers such as Phoenix, Las Vegas and San Diego in the southwest and almost any city in Florida and Georgia in the southeast. Electricity production, regardless of its source and cost, can be increased and diverted. Natural gas, which is in surplus supply⁽¹⁾, too can be diverted to growth areas.  The remaining utility, water, cannot be diverted or new sources produced, so somehow an increase in population in certain areas (read U.S. southwest) must be accommodated by existing sources. The answer is conservation.

Water district bills, newspapers and radio/TV ads encourage conservation. Phoenix and Las Vegas are apparently going to “force” conservation by limiting the amount of water each connection will be entitled to. Surely others will follow especially if their approach and methods are successful.  Apparently, tiered pricing has not encouraged the affluent or the entitled to sufficiently cut back.

One conservation approach is mostly overlooked. That is the water discharged to drain by water softeners and filters. It’s not unusual for this to be 150 gallons a week or more. Don’t be fooled by high efficiency softeners. They do not waste as much water per regeneration cycle, but regenerate more frequently thus the same waste over a period of time. The answer may be a Dime Water Aquafer. These whole home treatment systems prevent damaging hard water scale, discharge zero water to drain, use no salt or chemicals, have no valve requiring service and have a demonstrated service-free life averaging 15+ years. In addition, these systems filter chlorine out of water, significantly reduce chloramines, permanently remove heavy metals and the filter medium acts as a biocide to prevent fouling within the system. The Aquafer is an excellent replacement for an existing water wasting water softener or softener/filter combination. Inside, garage or outside installation. For space issues or the budget conscious, we offer the scale prevention feature only as our ESF-2.0 product.

1. The current crop of politicians is virtue signaling by turning thumbs down on natural gas. California is leading the drive by a mandate forbidding sale of all NG appliances and not issuing permits for gas lines to new construction. Unknown is how rapidly technology can overcome available mineral shortages, distribution buildout and supply chain issues to keep up with exponential growth in electricity needs.

The term structured water appears in early 20th Century writings referencing Victor Schauberger as an observer of moving natural water such as a stream increasing the viability of water in plants and humans and Albert Szent-Gyorgyi a physicist and chemist who early on postulated (accurately as recently
proven) water with a liquid crystalline structure enhanced by light (photon) energy. Other scientists and keen observers by the dozens realized that such water felt smoother, made plants flourish and produce larger and higher quality yields.

The definition of exactly what this special water consisted of was not pursued as much as means to take standard tap water and replicate natures effects on it by utilizing vortexes, crystals of various minerals, magnetic fields, the Golden (Fibonacci) Ratio, egg shaped glass vessels, colored lights, acoustic waves, etc.. Nothing harmful being done but the true process and the definition was missed entirely.

In 2013 a brilliant and of equal importance an unconventionally inquisitive biomedical engineering professor at the University of Washington named Dr. Gerald H. Pollack published The Fourth Phase Of Water. The book is a summary of years of study and scientific testing on an unusual phase of water that we are convinced is the long sought structure of water. This water occurs naturally in limited quantities in the right environment simply by the action of photons as supplied by sunlight and infrared energy.

This water consists of a hexagonal shaped array of water (H2O) molecules occupying a plane. During its production some hydrogen (H+) ions are displaced so that additional hex planes of water molecules can stack upon one another with every other plane being horizontally slightly offset so that the planes
ionically bond to one another as the stack grows. The longer the stack (structure) grows and the more stacks there are the higher the percentage of structured water. The missing hydrogen (H+) from the structured columns ends up in the surrounding water where it combines with H2O to form H3O
(hydronium). The removal of hydrogen slightly raises the pH of the structures and increases the oxygen percentage. Additionally, the structures become more dense (increased specific gravity) than regular water and because of the plane to plane bonding and quite probably stack to stack bonding also the
viscosity increases. Summed up, structured water is denser (more of it in a drop), more viscous (said to be more like intercellular water), richer in oxygen percentage, increased surface tension and a naturally raised pH.

Producing this water actually consists of giving nature a boost. The first thing to accomplish is to reduce the TDS as much as possible because the presence of dissolved solids disrupts structural formation. So a reverse osmosis unit preferably with a TDS polishing filter is the starting point. Added should be vortexes
for memory erasure, crystals for imparting frequencies and magnetic fields constructed to the Golden Ratio. This preparatory water is placed into pressurized storage until water is withdrawn from the RO faucet. On its way to the faucet the water passes through the Patent Pend. STRUCTURED WATER CELL. To convert the RO water to structured water requires exposing the water in sheets on super hydrophillisity surfaces. The water on the surface must maintain a contact angle of near zero. Infrared energy at 850nm wave length produced by multiple LED emitters is applied and is aided with titanium dioxide reflective surfaces to maximize structural growth. The energy source (less than 5 watts) is always on, so there is a large buildup of structured water between uses of water. The process works in the absence of power input, but more slowly utilizing ever present infrared energy only. Data is incomplete on how long the structures maintain their integrity, so consumption is recommended as soon as possible.

Virtually all products currently being offered primarily on line include everything from modified food blenders to blown glass funnels to cylinders containing plastic balls. Efficacy of structured water production is claimed based on its feel, smoothness, wetness, etc. All good but nothing measurable offered. The science behind our system is based on actual measurements of surface tension using the Du Nouy ring method with a tensiometer, density measurement by isothermal weight/ volume comparisons and viscosity by the falling ball technique as related to Stokes Law. Capillary rise techniques using meniscus shape and level changes are avoided because recent studies question their validity.

Before going into detail on how magnets affect water, it is important to understand the water molecule (H2O or H-O-H).
The water compound molecule has two physical characteristics that separate it from virtually all of nature’s other compound molecules. (1) It expands when frozen and (2) there is a 104.45o inclusive angle between the 2 hydrogen atoms as opposed to a 109.50 angle (called the BOND ANGLE) that theoretically is “correct”. These 2 characteristics are related because the bond angle encourages water to cluster in hexagonal clusters (see our white paper on Structured Water) and when freezing occurs, these clusters create voids which take up more space than liquid water. When reading in detail about bond angles and freezing it’s not unusual to encounter the word phenomena.

The studies published in The Fourth Phase of Water by Dr. George Pollack and a 2016 publication by the Oak Ridge National Lab titled The Fourth State of Water both explaining the effects applied energy has on the properties of water. In Dr. Pollack’s work, energy was applied via heat, light, electricity and infrared and the water super hexagonal clustered (structured), released protons (hydrogen), created hydronium (H3O) in adjacent water and became denser. The Oak Ridge experiment applied synthetic emerald forming ultra-high pressures to water. This resulted in a quantum physics change to the hydrogen/oxygen bond referred to as tunneling – a proof of energy response but as a topic it is beyond the understanding of this author except to say that this water also formed in hexagonal clusters. Perhaps the most understood experiment involving energy applied to water is hydrolysis. This is often conducted in high school physics classes by placing 2 wires spaced about ½ inch apart and covered by inverted glass test tubes into a beaker of tap water. When a DC voltage in excess of 1.5 volts is applied, the water begins to separate into their distinct atomic components of oxygen and hydrogen which are both gasses and collect in their respective test tubes—oxygen at the positive (anode) wire and hydrogen at the negative (cathode) wire. This experiment is also used in demonstrating the electrical conductivity of water.

With knowledge based on numerous experiments that water reacts to various forms of energy input, let’s explore what affect permanent magnets can have on water.

A permanent magnet has a field that eminates from one end (pole) and circles around in elliptical lines to the other end (pole). These are called lines of flux and the stronger the magnet, the more lines there are and the further out from the magnet they can be measured. The 2 poles of a linear magnet are named North N and South S and it’s known that with 2 magnets in proximity to one another N & S are attracted to one another while N to N and S to S placements repel one another. Further, it’s known that by placing 2 magnets each with N and S poles and placed N to S and held apart with minimal spacing a strong field of magnetic force field exists between the two. Additionally, by encompassing the outside of the magnets with a ferromagnetic material, the field between the two magnets can be 8X as strong as that of a single magnet.

Although there appears to be no actual test of water after dangling a permanent magnet in a volume of water, intuitively we would suspect that little if anything to happen to the water. Therefore, let’s explore passing the water between the magnetic field described above. To do this one needs to review a basic premise in electrical engineering and physics that by rotating a wire (electrical conductor) between N & S magnets (magnetic field), electrons in the conductor material are induced to move in a prescribed direction which by definition is an electrical current – energy. The moving water replaces wire and becomes the conductor in what is essentially a direct current (DC) generator – wouldn’t Nikola Tesla be happy. A more powerful generator, either AC or DC, relies on 2 energy sources. One is the motor or turbine spinning the wire (conductor) and the other is the magnetic field supplied by permanent magnets or coils powered by battery or parasitic power from the generator itself. The 2 powers making our low power generator work are whatever (pump or gravity) moving the water (conductor) and the permanent magnet field. Both are converting mechanical energy to electrical energy.

The energy from a generator is expressed by Faraday’s law as EMF = v x B x L x sin A where
EMF = Electro Motive (or Magnetic) Force or Volts (V) output
v = the velocity of the conductor in meters/sec.
B = magnetic field strength in gauss as measured with a gauss meter
L = length of conductor in meters
A = the angularity of the conductor relative to the magnetic field. It is 900 in our units and sin 90= 1
Volts represent potential energy and in many discussions, volts are simply called potential.
If we applied the well established RIGHT HAND RULE to the conductor (water) in a sketch of the system, we will determine that current flow (I) is from the inlet (becomes the positive pole) to the water in the magnetic field to the outlet (becomes the negative pole) of the water in the magnetic field. We now have a kinetic electrical circuit.
By applying Ohms law which is V=IR and determining the R (resistance) of the water column in ohms by measurement with an ohmmeter or by calculation using a TDS meter we can solve I = V/R for the value of I in amps.
To then determine power supplied to the water in watts (W) using the formula W=VA. We know the measurement will be in the milliwatt range.

If approximately 1.5 volts (V) = (current (I) x resistance (R) breaks the hydrogen / oxygen bond completely (see hydrolysis above), it’s hypothesized that the small current and resulting voltage in the described process will disrupt the bond to some extent liberating hydrogen and forming hydronium. This actually describes EZ water as identified and explained in detail by Dr. H. Pollack in his book referenced above. We refer to it in our literature as Structured Water.

The energy effect is amplified as the energy level increases which is proportional to the conductivity of the conductor (water). Effect is therefore minimal at low conductivity water such as distilled water (actually a good insulator) and is best with brackish water.

One of the primary applications for magnetically treated water is crop watering with brackish well water. This water poorly penetrates plants resulting in low growth and poor yields. The reason the untreated water is behaving poorly is failure of much of the water and nutrients to reach the extremities of plants through the internal capillary channels in plants called the xylem system. The capillary action is actually more involved than the descriptions in many texts and is reliant on the transfer of protons (hydrogen) from the water and the creation of hydronium as discussed above. As an aside, while studying the topic, I learned that Isaac Newton is said to have postulated the effect of static electricity on capillary action in the 18th century. Once treated, the water produces a demonstrable improvement to crops even with less water being used.

Interestingly, there are many available university level studies on magnetically treated water and improvement of crops with almost all conducted in China and other Asian countries. Also, though the studies document crop improvement and changes in water properties, none found ventured what actually changed the water as we have attempted to do.

Next is a release of a line of devices to magnetically treat water based on science and engineering by Dime Water, Inc.

1. WHAT IS BORON?
It is a naturally occurring element with the chemical symbol B. The Periodic Table of the Elements refers to it as element number 5 which is its atomic number or AN. This tells us that there are 5 positively charged protons with an assigned weight of 1 each in the core of a Boron atom surrounded by 5 negatively charged, weightless electrons in orbit around the core. The like number of positively and negatively charged particles cancel one another so the boron atom, as all atoms in the table, have a zero electrical charge. Joining the protons in the core are 6 neutrally charged particles aptly called neutrons. They have an assigned weight of 1 each or 6 total which when added to the 5 of protons gives a total weight of 11 for boron. This is referred to its molecular weight or MW.

Boron is a very sparse element in the earths crust and is found primarily as boric acid {B(OH)3} or borate {B(OH)4-} compounds and never in its elemental form. Once laboratory isolated into elemental form, boron is an extremely hard, black material not totally unlike its chemical cousin carbon with its AW of 6 and MW of 12. Major accumulations of boron mineral compounds are found in Turkey, Russia and Northern California. Boron compounds are very soluble in water so after eons of time, sea water now contains an average of 4.5 mg/l (4-1/2 pounds in 110,000 gallons). As a result of seawater evaporation and intrusion into ground water over the ages, boron can be found in trace amounts virtually everywhere with typical values in water of 0.5 mg/l or less. Higher values are seen in areas with high ground mineral deposits.

2. WHAT IS BORON USED FOR?

• Making high temperature, dimensionally stable glass
• Making extremely strong rare earth magnets
• Making high power density, rechargeable batteries
• Strengthening metal alloys
• Making certain cleaning and bleaching compounds
• As a soil additive for certain crops
• As dietary supplement

3. HOW DOES BORON IN WATER REACT WITH HUMANS?
Boron is an essential micronutrient necessary in our systems as it works in concert with vitamin D to increases our bodies ability to assimilate calcium for bone, tooth and brain tissue health. The best natural sources are dark green leafy vegetables, non-citrus fruits, dried fruits and tree nuts. There is also a correlation between boron levels in the body and the levels hormones especially of estrogen and testosterone which ultimately slows bone deterioration due to osteoporosis. Currently, the NIH is studying links between boron and effective cancer treatment by certain protocols.

Most information on the topic suggests a maximum intake of 3 milligrams daily. The USEPA does not have a mandated maximum level in drinking water, but has a suggested maximum level of 3 PPM for healthy adults and 2 PPM for children. The World Health Organization (WHO) has an established maximum of 2.4 PPM. California has a state-mandated limit of 1 PPM (expressed as 1,000 ug/l) and a number of other state drinking water regulations call for limits from 0.6 to 1.0 PPM.

Excess boron will affect people differently, but common reactions include nausea, indigestion, vomiting, headache and diarrhea. High levels over a long time can lead to rashes, hair loss and kidney damage. Fatal doses occur at 15-20 grams (15,000 to 20,000 mg)

4. HOW DOES BORON REACT WITH PLANTS?

Apparently, there is carryover of boron (as boric acid) in air over oceans and seas and this becomes the Jonny Appleseed propagation of boron in soil at a rate estimated in millions of tons annually. Typical soil levels of boron in soil vary from 5 to 80 PPM and are location and sea proximity dependent.

The extremely low level of boron required for optimum plant vitality is a classic example of Liebig’s Law of Minimums which in plant applications states that unless a minimum level of a key micronutrient is provided, growth is compromised regardless of feeding excess amounts of other nutrients. With adequate boron levels in the soil combining with microorganisms, calcium and phosphorus in particular are more effectively used by plants. Boron in the irrigation water is additive to the boron in the soil. Overall, proper boron levels combined with other minerals, nutrients and adequate water will produce plants with healthier cell walls, non-browning leaves, more rapid growth, better water transport throughout the plant and more productive seed and flower growth.

In some cases, higher levels of boron in the soil and/or irrigation water becomes too much of a good thing. The plants exposed to excess levels of boron for their species exhibit slower, stunted growth, browning of leaves and flowers and poor-quality fruit. It’s known that photosynthesis is inhibited by excess boron, but beyond that, the precise reason for plant damage by excess boron remains elusive in 2021.

5. IF BORON LEVELS ARE TOO HIGH FOR PLANTS, WHAT CAN BE DONE?

If it is a soil contamination issue, leach with low/no boron water from a river or lake repeatedly until soil samples from beneath the crop root level tests low enough to be satisfactory.

If boron is in the water above a safe level for the intended species of plant, Dime Water, Inc. can be of help. Boron has a very low surface energy which makes it virtually impossible to remove with standard reverse osmosis, so variants of seawater (desal) R.O. units must be employed with varying levels of success. The water waste, high energy use, high CAPEX and OPEX makes this a less than acceptable method in most cases. We therefore have developed a unique, regenerable filter with a medium that is selective to boron, is 90% plus water efficient and has a fraction of CAPEX and OPEX.

WHAT IS THIS?

For no apparent reason you

• Notice a small spot of discoloration on a wall or ceiling
• See a mold mark that reappears even after initially being wiped away with bleach
• Feel a warm spot on a floor in a slab home
• Hear almost imperceptible water movement in pipes while knowing for certain that there are no leaky faucets or toilet fill valves

The above plus other indicators are telltale signs that invisibly behind walls and ceilings water is leaking from pipes and damaging the home.  Left without repair, damages can become extensive with often unseen, unhealthy mold taking over significant portions of a home.

HOW DOES THIS HAPPEN?

To answer this question, it’s important to look at the material used in your pipe system.

Perhaps the most common in the past 50 years is copper pipe with copper fittings assembled together on-site with no-lead solder.  Shortly after it is used, a protective oxide layer (patina) develops on the inside and out.  Additionally, copper has biocidal properties that prevent the formation of biofilms and it is extremely strong withstanding pressures north of 300 PSI or about 4X normal home pressures.  Over time, leaks can occur at pipe/fitting junctions because of excess flux (acid) used to clean the parts during sweating (soldering) and incomplete cleaning.  Unusually high flows or 24/7 recirculation flows cause wear (erosion) at junctions thinning material to below its pressure holding ability.  Pipe quality too can be an issue, because minute iron particles can be left on the pipe surface inside and out during manufacturing.  These particles establish galvanic reactions with the copper, chemically creating the all-too-common pinhole leak.  This reaction is speeded up by high TDS (conductive) water and heat.  It also appears more quickly in less expensive and often foreign sourced, thinner type M vs. type L copper pipe.  M type copper is identified by red markings on the outside and L type blue.  Pin hole issues with type M copper tend to appear after 15 years or so in hot water lines and with water supplies that have a TDS of 300 PPM and higher according to experienced plumbers.  We have concentrated our comments on situations involving multiple leak points.  Single point leaks can be attributed to rubbing against the structure, a pipe hanger, stone etc.

The second most common pipe and fitting material is plastic represented by white PVC, dark gray PVC, light gray CPVC and yellow (copper pipe size) CPVC all of which have an excellent reputation for leak-free longevity.  PVC is for cold water only and CPVC is rated up to 140⁰F so it is applicable for both hot and cold.  All are rigid materials and pipe-to-fitting connection is done with solvent cements.  Joints are normally cleaned with a solvent prior to the application of a cement resulting in a water tight bond ready for use after a few hours of cure time.  Unless penetrated by a drywall screw during construction or similar errors, random leaks after years of service are not expected.

Coming on strong in the last few years is PEX.  This is a Polyethylene material that is post-extrusion chemically cross linked either as a semi-rigid straight milky white (hot and cold), blue (cold only), red (hot) colored tube or as a tube typically coiled in 10-500 ft. coils.  Proper installation is critical to long term leak free service.  Leaks that do manifest themselves are normally at fittings where a cast brass fitting corrodes or a crimped collar over the tube wasn’t tight.  Another leak point in that area would be from a nick in the tube that grew over time.  If coiled-form material was used, forced straightening can cause stresses that result in radial cracks that begin to open and leak especially if the PEX has been weakened by chlorine in the water.  A combination of chlorine and pressures at or above 80 PSI is known to create axial cracks that leak. 

HOW IS IT REPAIRED?

There are very few options.  You can begin by having a single leak repaired which normally involves cutting out a section of a wall or ceiling to access a section of pipe containing the leak.  This pipe is then cut out a few inches on both side of the leak and replaced with the same size and material pipe.  Upon completion and pressure testing, the cut-out wall or ceiling section is replaced, the seam closed with patching plaster, then sanded and painted.  This entire process is messy, disruptive and expensive.   If you are fortunate, this is a one-time occurrence. If, however, there are repeat leaks, you can address them one at a time or resign yourself to having a chronic material or workmanship issue that requires replumbing of the home.  At this point, seek a company that specializes in replumbing homes that has an experienced crew.  Chances are, they will do the work with PEX to minimize the amount of wall and ceiling cutting and reduce the project time.  If you are on a chlorinated municipal water supply, be certain to install a Dime Water Aquafer or carbon filter to prevent damage to the tubing material.  If in a high-water pressure area such as southern California install a pressure regulator valve to be sure home water pressure is maintained below 80 PSI.

To maximize their retirement and/or entertainment dollars, many US and Canadian citizens select Mexico or a Central American country such as Costa Rica for full time or part time living.   In addition to the lower cost of living, many parts of these countries offer heavenly weather, beautiful beaches, breathtaking views and great sport fishing.  Left out of most benefit discussions is household water.

Most Mexican and Central American water systems are significantly different from what North Americans are familiar with.  First, local regulations and inspections for safety are often lax or missing.  Second, most sources deliver low flow, low pressure water to individual facility storage tanks called cisterns that can expose the water to additional contamination.  Third, many of the water distribution systems are overtaxed and in need of repair thus causing entrance points for even more contamination.  The overall potential for water issues confirmed by laboratory testing are bacteria, viruses, cysts, discoloration, insecticides, pesticides, waste chemicals, hardness, tastes and odors sometimes attributed to extremely high chlorine levels.

What to do?  We often get requests for whole home reverse osmosis system from US and Canadian property owners in Mexico and Costa Rica.  This is the Ideal solution and we have provided some.  However, because of size, cost, power consumption, waste water, installation issues and future service, interest soon wanes.  To address all of these problems, we developed the ESF PLUS in the early 2000’s. This compact, wall mounted, easy to install system treats every drop of water in a facility and provides safe, clear, soft feeling water at a fraction of the cost of a whole house reverse osmosis system with no salt or chemical used.

NOTES:

1. Some trace level of one or more heavy metals exists in many public drinking water supplies.
2. How the drinking water limits were established is not published. Actual laboratory testing or knowledge obtained by reviewing public health records of populations on a contaminated source?
3. There appears to be no published information on health issues that arise when two or more of the listed metals exist in the same supply.
4. Reduction to below detection levels of trace heavy metal levels within a home:
   • Aquafer
   • Whole House Reverse Osmosis
   • Under Counter Reverse Osmosis Drinking Water Unit

Unlike Costco which offers limited models with high installation costs and limited post-purchase support, Dime Water provides customized water treatment systems designed around your specific needs, with transparent pricing, direct manufacturer support, and expert guidance from start to finish. While Costco acts as a middleman and leaves customer care the manufacturer, Dime Water offers a personalized, reliable experience backed by decades of industry expertise and a commitment to long-term customer satisfaction.

This article from House Digest explains more.

Distillation is a process where water is heated until vapor is formed as steam which is then exposed to a cool surface which causes the steam to condense as liquid water.  As the vapor rises, almost all of the elements dissolved in the water are left behind so the total dissolved solids (TDS) of the condensed steam is a small fraction (<5%) of the original water. The heat is often high enough and of sufficient duration to kill bacteria and other pathogens in the water thus the net result is a water quality that was often prescribed for medical application and in larger sizes used for desalinization of sea water.

The described process dates back to antiquity.  More effective distillation equipment was developed during WWll.  Then, the advent of better ion exchange resins and reverse osmosis membranes along with ever increasing energy cost gradually reduced the need for water distillation almost to the point of extinction.  Because of chemical use, waste water streams and continued high energy costs and threatened fresh water sources, there is a good case to be made for a renewed look at distillation especially for turning seawater into drinking water.

Enter the brilliant research minds at MIT.  On October 31, 2023 in a campus paper their researchers discovered (serendipitously?) that under certain conditions light will cause water to evaporate without the presence of heat in a process they called the photomolecular effect.  Apparently, the water molecule-to-molecule hydrogen bond is broken and the singular molecules of water having a molecular weight less than that of air float away from the surface.  A follow-up April 23, 2024 article by the same MIT publication indicates that green light is most effective and that the evaporation rate is up to four times that produced by heat.  The angle of incidence light-to-water-surface is best at 45⁰.   We briefly described this process in an early 2024 blog hoping to see the information diffuse to a company or two in the water treatment industry or industry at large

I have actively looked on line, in newspapers and in technical publications since late 2023 to find any indication that this new technology has achieve any traction.  Nothing as of January 2025.  In the US and other developed nations where power and competent personnel are available, this photomolecular technology would probably create lower CAPEX and OPEX and allow for more rapid permitting because there is no discharge of extremely high TDS water back into the sea or ground.  However, in much of the world where the population often is thirsty and unable to feed itself because of non-existent or extremely scarce usable water this technology may indeed be life-saving.  As we envision a desal or highly brackish water distillation unit in its simplest form with this technology:

• Power requirements.  Aside from low-head pumps to transfer water to and from the system there will need to be LED lights aimed at the water surface at a 45⁰ angle, a fan to transfer vapor to the condensing chamber and a low delta T cooling surface to create the condensate.  Undoubtedly a candidate for solar. All things considered; power needs will be 5% of that for reverse osmosis.
• Complexity.  Aside from the fan and by incorporating mechanical fill/empty floats the only techy component would be a chiller and there a Peletier effect unit with only a fan could be employed.  Compressors, refrigerants and controls eliminated. Compared to reverse osmosis it is probably 1/10 or less.
• Materials of construction.  In the absence of high pressures, elevated temperatures and hardness scaling, many durable plastics, fiberglass and reasonably priced stainless steel alloys can be employed.

Hopefully, this technology will soon be picked up by a major player in the water treatment sphere and developed into a commercial product. In the meantime, let’s not lose sight of all of the new water beneath our feet as demonstrated by the incredible Stephan Riess 60+ years ago and brilliantly documented by Michael Salzman in his book New water for a thirsty world.

Spread the word!

THE STORY: Homoeopathy is a time honored practice of using extremely dilute solutions of agitating compounds to stimulate the immune system to fight the agitant within the body. Not unlike the vaccination process. It relies on the natural vibrations of the material and the memory abilities of water. Unlike the use of many prescription and OTC drugs, there are few, if any, recorded side effects from homeopathic compounds. Compounders and practitioners are highly trained and distribute the materials into a solvent via a process called pounding.

We received a water sample from a very successful doctor of homeopathy who has an exemplary record of success. The sample was analyzed and we immediately thought it would be a service to compounders, practitioners and patients of homeopathic compounds if we could develop a product to meet their needs. This we have done.

THE PRODUCT: Not only must the produced water be compatible for homeopathic use, but also safe, clear in appearance, perfect for hydration and pleasing to the pallet. All of this is accomplished through filtration down to 0.0002 mi- cron, 95% reduction of elements dissolved in the water, all chlorine and chloramines removed along with pharmaceuticals and radio nuclei.

Standard units are capable of producing 100 gallons per day at 70% plus water efficiency and have 2.6 gallons in pressurize storage available for immediate delivery from a 11” Dia. x 14”’ long tank supplied. Also provided are a dispensing faucet, drain saddle and an inlet water angle stop. Systems include a water quality meter to advise of component replacement.

HOW TO ORDER AND USE: Each system is custom constructed based on the chemistry of the water that will feed the unit during daily use and wet tested prior to shipment. For this reason, we need a water analysis, a water sample or the name of the water district supplying the facility. With this information in-hand, we utilize a computer program and make two calculations prior to construction.

Once installed and producing water, the instructions will advise you of the weight in milligrams and volume in laboratory spoons in milliliters of a common kitchen food item to add per gallon for a finished product. The system has a non–electric pump to insure a consistent high quality water with no distortion during storage due to what is called TDS creep. This pump uses drain water to drive it and makes a clicking noise while treated water is being produced.

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This phrase became common and popular during the 2024 presidential election campaign.  To the delight of many, it references a precursor to US energy independence and dominance by increasing oil well and fracking permits.  Historically, reasonably priced and abundant energy has led the way to massive changes to society dating back to the late 1700’s and the industrial revolution which forever altered the course of the western world.

The loudly expressed concerns of fossil fuel damages to the climate and environment need to be seriously considered so that some of the increase in fossil based energy is targeted to produce more neutral electrical energy sources such as solar, wind, tidal flows, sea waves, Hydrogen via efficient water splitting, nuclear, etc.

There’s another drilling activity needed as badly as that for gas and oil. WATER.  Specifically, water of sufficient quality for human and animal consumption as well as irrigation. In previous blogs we have detailed the amount of water required for various crops, the critical condition of many aquifers and how dependent manufacturing is on water.  Further, we wrote about the energy and capital costs associated with the inefficiencies of seawater desalinization as a possible cure for the supply problem.

The November 10, 2024 issues of the San Diego Union Tribune published government supplied numbers indicating that 87% of the US is currently in a drought condition with only Alaska and Kentucky escaping the condition.  As always, higher temperatures (climate change) are proclaimed to be the primary cause due to evaporation although a recent science discovery we recently wrote about strongly indicates that the vast majority of evaporation is not the result of air temperature.  This is becoming scary.  We need more water in the correct places or face dramatic changes to our way of life.

What can be done?  NASA and some universities advise us that indeed there are deposits of fresh water within the planet but at depths that are beyond our drilling capabilities.  As we have written in prior blogs, water is available at reachable depths and there is an excellent chance that new water is being formed constantly.  Obtaining this water was done numerous times in the 1940’s, 50’s and 60’s under the supervision of Stephen Riess a Bavarian born scientist with an extensive background in geology and hydrology.  His approach to locating the spots for drilling along with numerous success stories are detailed in New Water for a Thirsty World, a 210 page science based book written in 1960 by Michael H. Salzman. Now out of print, but is available online as a certified copy or you can contact me at mike@dimewater.com and I will send a copy.

We can only speculate why mainstream science has not pursued this path to give the world at the very least some drought relief after over 70 years of knowledge of proven successes.  Yes, there is a gamble involved, but monetarily, larger gambles are taken often in mineral and oil exploration as well as various stock market moves.  There should be no concern about the usability of the water based on prior experience and the capabilities that companies such as ours—Dime Water, Inc.— have to correct any issues that arise.

Must we wait until water scarcity is proclaimed an emergency before looking literally beneath our feet for relief?  Spread the word!

About 2-1/2 years ago we posted a blog about using water rather than petroleum as a fuel for cars by employing electrolysis to split the water molecule into oxygen and hydrogen, transferring the hydrogen to a hydrogen fuel cell to generate electricity and then use the electricity to power drive motors similar to an all-electric vehicle. We acknowledged the need to lower the parasitic energy demand of the electrolysis process and expressed hope that a person of entrepreneurial brilliance would emerge and solve all of the technical issues (think Elon Musk or a clone).

Well, on September 9, 2024, the CEO of TOYOTA announced that they have produced an automobile that runs on water. Based on some You Tube releases by the company, they have succeeded in lowering the electrolysis power needs and supply it with electricity from a small hydrogen fuel cell that appears to straddle the engine. That’s right, the bulk of the hydrogen is delivered to a fuel injected, in- line four cylinder, four cycle rather conventional looking engine. No heavy batteries or electric motors. The engineering for such an engine is incredible because of the extremely high temperatures created by the combustion of hydrogen (4500 0 F) and combustion chamber sealing due to the minuscular size of Hydrogen molecules. Toyota must have been silently working on this project for a decade or more to make so many leaps in technology.

Environmentally this is a win for everyone. Upstream, mining and transporting of exotic and rare minerals are eliminated. Downstream, vehicle weights remain about the same, emissions consist of condensed clean steam and uncaptured waste heat and there is no almost insurmountable increased load on the electrical grid. Greenhouse gasses no longer exist. There is a chance for trace NO X (Oxides of Nitrogen) in the exhaust. This is not from Nitrogen in the air, but from trace lubricating oil getting into the combustion chamber.

The changes in paradigms this technology will cause are immense from the petrochemical industry to fuel taxes to relationships with and between oil producing countries. Toyota has indicated that they may offer conversion kits to update existing vehicles. Hopefully, there will be no unforeseen obstacles to delay the progress of this all-important technology. Published reports indicate that Toyota has 5000 patents on this project. Most will be honored or released by licensing agreements to competitors. The unknown reaction will be from China.

Our water treatment industry may have an important role as production begins unless Toyota includes a built-in device to prep the water for electrolysis.

According to a February 2022 report by the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), of the 4.12 trillion kWh of electrical power generated in the U.S. in 2021, 899 billion kWh or 21.8% was generated by coal-fired generators. All fossil fuels, led by natural gas at 38.3%, produced 60.8%. Renewables (wind, solar, hydroelectric, and thermal wells) accounted for 20.1% and nuclear 18.9%.

All Electric Vehicles (EVs) with minimal exceptions get their battery charges from the electrical grid, so by extrapolation slightly over one in five of all EV cars are coal-powered and will remain so until either vehicle or power source technologies change.

On January 3, 2022, Tesla announce that worldwide they shipped one million new electric cars in 2021. This represents an 84% increase over 2020 and well ahead of the 50% increase predicted by the company early in 2021. Certainly, this news was greeted by investors and environmentalists as being fantastic and by all automotive manufacturers as the industry’s future.

There is a persistent concern, however, that the switch to all-electric, battery-powered automobiles has downsides that are seldom expressed. One that is easy to understand is the ability of the existing electrical grids to reliably deliver the surge in required energy. While there are companies like Aardvark Electric (a firm that provides EV home charger installation in Atlanta, GA), or similar ones providing the option of charging stations at home itself, not every household or region may have the required fund or access to such amenities. Parallel to that concern is electrical energy generation, especially in locations where energy sources declared as green are not available. This leaves new, what are called polluting sources as viable alternative generation sources thus consolidating polluting gasses in many areas. Other issues include sustainability because of the dependency on scarce battery materials from insecure sources and social concerns involving mining labor in some parts of the world. Finally, there are unsubstantiated numbers on the internet indicating that total CO₂ emissions in the EV battery supply chain are as high as the same vehicle being powered by a traditional gas engine.

The concerns may be effectively addressed by continuing with electric drive motors (whether a 72V BLDC or others), but replacing batteries with in-vehicle electrical generating using hydrogen fuel cells. Rather than employing tanks of high-pressure hydrogen as is being done by Hyundai, Toyota, and Nissan and the associated change in fueling infrastructure, consider using properly treated water and electrolytic technology to generate the hydrogen from the water right in the vehicle. The by-products of hydrogen production and fuel cells combined are water and heat. Not the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide. Currently, commercially available bulk hydrogen is mostly produced by splitting the hydrogen/carbon bond in natural gas. This is a heat with catalyst process that consumes considerable energy with carbon as a by-product that must be sequestered to prevent the atmospheric release of carbon dioxide.

Using the following conversion factors, it appears that water can indeed replace gasoline.

a. 1 gal. Water weighs 8.34 lbs.

b. Molecular Weight of water = (2 x 1)H +16(O) = 18

c. % wt. of Hydrogen in water = 2/18 = 11.1%

d. Wt. Hydrogen = .111 x 8.34 = 0.92 #/gal

e. Embedded Energy in 1 gal. gasoline = 132,000 BTU

f. Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) Auto Efficiency is 20% per USDOE.

g. Applied energy in ICE vehicle = 20% or 0.2 x 132,000 BTU = 26,400 BTU/gallon

h. At .92# hydrogen per gallon, water contains 60,000 x .92 = 55,200 BTU hydrogen energy per gallon water

I. Hydrogen production energy requirement – 2.27 kWh per pound of hydrogen.

j. Hydrogen energy production parasitic loss in BTU 2.27 x 3,214 BTU/kWh= 7,296 BTU per # hydrogen

k. Net available hydrogen energy for a hydrogen fuel cell in a gallon of water is 55,200 – 7,296 = 47,904 BTU.

l. Hydrogen Fuel Cell Auto Efficiency is 60% per USDOE or 3X the efficiency of gasoline ICE vehicles

m. Comparing the gasoline consumption of an ICE engine with 20% use of 132,000 BTU or 26,400 BTU with 60% use of 47,904 BTU or 28,742 BTU for a hydrogen-fuel cell-electric motor propulsion system, the volumes of gasoline and water are close to equal.

Unavailable is a vehicle gross weight comparison when considering EV battery pack vs. filled high-pressure hydrogen tanks vs. in-car hydrogen production equipment. Presumably, the USDOE has included much of this data in its efficiency statements.

Numerous hurdles exist to turn this water as a fuel concept into a reality. The primary challenge is the energy required to split water into hydrogen and oxygen. Italicized items j. and k. above are goals to be achieved and not currently available. Technologies such as refinements on PEM (Proton Exchange Membrane) or newly emerging photon energy supplied by LEDs (Light Emitting Diodes) could be what is needed. Existing microprocessors, algorithms, and AI technologies exist to integrate all systems. By- products of processes are heat, oxygen, and water, so a heat recovery/storage system to prevent water freezing should be doable. The water used needs to be treated with relatively inexpensive equipment currently available from multiple sources for home or service station use.

As with all status disruptions, vitally needed is someone with visionary qualities to champion and promote the concept, not unlike the late Bill Lear of Lear Jet fame or the late Steve Jobs who changed communications and music forever. As early as 1967, Bill Lear envisioned hydrogen-powered cars and patented Lear Dyne as the process, but he was far ahead of technologies now available. History tells us that Elon Musk actually applied his promotional and technological skills to an electric car conceived by someone else that went on to become Tesla. His example permeated the automotive industry worldwide causing a major shift by virtually all manufacturers to transition to EVs. There exists, however, the probability of energy shortages, specialty materials unavailability, and for certain, labor layoffs because electric vehicles are less labor intensive than their internal combustion engine equivalent.

Most electric vehicles are being produced in a sled or skateboard fashion consisting of drive wheels, directional wheels, and a low-profile battery and electronics assembly located between the two sets of wheels. The body is then dropped down from above and secured in place. Conceivably, a hydrogen-fueled electricity generating cell and hydrogen producing cell could be constructed with a similar geometry thus not requiring a complete structural change.

Literally. NASA announced early the week of August 11, 2024 that an unimaginably huge volume of water has been found on Mars. That’s the good news. The not so good news is that the water is not actually ON mars, but rather WITHIN the planet, specifically at an estimated depth of 7-12 miles. The water appears to be located around that planet’s equator and NASA stated that it probably got there from lakes and oceans that existed at one time and that this water leaked through cracks and fissures into underground voids. Equatorial surface temperature on Mars is minus 100 Deg. F at night to plus 70 Deg. F at mid-day during their summer. Unless unusual isotopes of Hydrogen and/or Oxygen existed to produce water with unusual freezing characteristics, there is a potential plausibility issue about the source.

There is currently a buzz by Space X founder Elon Musk and NASA about Mars being colonized perhaps as a place to preserve human life should Earth become uninhabitable for a variety of reasons. Having water for human hydration, plant growth and electrolysis splitting for Hydrogen energy and Oxygen breathing will shorten the lead time to making Mars livable. The major obstacle for getting the water will be accessing it at such depths. Placement of deep drilling rigs for reaching the water seems like an insurmountable obstacle because of size, weight and distance from Earth. However, there was recently an engineering article explaining a new tunneling method that uses heat (plasma arc?) to melt sand and rock and use the resulting glass-like material to line the tunnel for support. Hopefully, such a process could be adapted to smaller, vertical bore holes.

If Mars, like Earth, is possibly producing water deep underground, as believed and demonstrated by Stephan Riess in the first half of the 20 th century and documented in the book New Water for a Thirsty World by Michael Salzman. The Mars water could also be under high pressure and rise significantly in the bore hole even to the point of becoming artesian. It would be ironic to have Mr. Riess’ beliefs and technologies prevail on Mars after being unjustly dismissed on earth. The same week the Mars water availability was announced, one of the many US alphabet bureaucracies announced in the San Diego Union Tribune that there would be a cutback in Colorado River water availability in 2025. This water is vitally important to 7 western states in addition to 2 in Mexico and the availability loss could be in the range of 25%. Typically, because of the number of voting farmers being less than the urban population count, agriculture will take the hit which could conceivably result in smaller crop yields and higher food prices. Solving the water issue on Mars could be extremely important in the future, but right now, shouldn’t we be solving the water scarcity issue on Earth by, at a minimum, exploring the validity of the aforementioned technologies on Earth?

Spread the word!

New, primary, earth-generated Water.
Researchers at Northwestern University located in Evanston, IL announced the discovery of a reservoir of water within the earth at considerable depth that contains as much or more water than all oceans. They mention ringwoodite which was first mentioned by other researchers in 2014 and which we wrote about 2 years ago. Hopefully the Northwestern researchers will end up exploring a more contemporary and accurate source. However, any and all research is welcome and will eventually lead us to the salvation of good, plentiful water for the entire world.

We continue to encourage either public or private investment for pursuing the search for an unlimited supply of fresh water being constantly produced deep within the earth. The theory of this occurring was validated in the first half of the 20 th century by Stephen Riess and demonstrated by his locating and drilling of dozens of wells in improbable locations.

We just received what is now a 40 year old transcript of a speech titled Earth-Generated Water: A Potential Solution. The speech was given to Mideastern scientists and politicians in Iran by Morad Eghbal and takes a pragmatic view of the geopolitical impact of water resources in the entire Mideastern region. The history of water sources as well as technologies is explored. Mr. Morad was a follower of Stephan Riess and of interest traced the theory of water being produced back as far as Leonardo da Vinci in the 1500’s through numerous German and Swedish scientists and geologists.

Desalination.
Until the implementation of obtaining earth-generated water is achieved, survival could very well become dependent on using seawater with much of the 3% of minerals dissolved in it removed. Historically, this was done by a process called distillation where the seawater was boiled and the resulting steam containing little or no minerals was condensed on a cool surface as usable water. The process was energy inefficient thus costly even after decades of fine tuning. In the late 1960’s the process of reverse osmosis (RO) was invented and within a decade it was refined sufficiently to dewater seawater i.e. remove most water and discard a brine too rich in minerals to be used for anything. The process discards 40% or more of all water as a mineral-rich brine which is becoming an environmental issue, uses considerable energy (though 50% or more less than distillation) and the equipment is complicated as well as expensive to operate.

We all know that water needs to be heated to vaporize, right? Wrong! Physics instructors have been teaching this forever, but a group of students at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) apparently never got the memo so they have reinvented distillation w/o heat. Apparently, when the surface of water is bombarded with green light at a 45° angle the water vaporizes. I envision the photon energy breaking the hydrogen bonds holding water clusters together and freeing up individual water molecules which are significantly lighter than air to float up to a condensing surface. The energy from a green LED is all that’s required. I never thought to ask a physics professor why puddles evaporated on a cool day or how sublimation of ice works.

TECHNOLOGY OF TREATING IRRIGATION WELL WATER WITHOUT REVERSE OSMOSIS

Well water often contains high levels of minerals dissolved in it expressed as high Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) and referred to as brackish or salty water. Once the TDS level of 1000 mg of minerals per liter (PPM) is measured in the water, crops require an additional quantity of water to continue to thrive. This doesn’t mean or imply that the minerals are toxic to the plants. Rather, the high TDS water fails to adequately flow within the circulatory system (xylems) of plants. The extra required watering levels are scary because of the possibility of running a well dry.

One popular way to overcome the issue of high TDS is to incorporate reverse osmosis to reduce the level of minerals in the water. There are pitfalls to this approach. First, as much as 50% of water is wasted in the process thus increasing the scarcity scare. Second, the capital and operating costs are extremely high. Finally, the disposal of wasted water becomes an issue.

We are convinced through testing years ago that reverse osmosis is effective not because dissolved solids are reduced but because the resulting surface tension reduction of water enhances the capillary action within plants allowing water to flow freely to the plant’s extremity. If a method to reduce surface tension without the pitfalls of reverse osmosis were available, significant cost and water savings would occur. Some refer to this as making water wetter.

If we look closely at the chemistry of water at the molecular level, there are two items that enter into its flowing/surface tension characteristics. One is directly related to the level of the dissolved solids in the water and is called the hydrated radius of ions (HRI). All dissolved solids in water exist as small, invisible charged particles called ions. These charges attract and loosely hold a small cluster of water molecules to each ion. These cluster formations last from nanoseconds to years and raise surface tension. The second is hydrogen bonding (HB) of multiple water molecules creating clusters. This bonding is due to the non-symmetric placement of the two hydrogen atoms around the single oxygen atom in water which leaves electrons to bond to the oxygen atom of adjacent water molecules. These bonds are transient and disappear/reappear in nanoseconds without rest. The bonding of molecules with clusters also increases the surface tension.

The entire issue of elevated surface tension and its negative effect on the successful watering of plants is the result of relatively small forces naturally occurring at the molecular level of water. It would appear that disruption or elimination of these forces would be extremely helpful in making less water go further in hydrating plants. How can this be done? By applying various frequencies of electrical energy into the water! In previous blogs, we have described how an electrical conductor (such as water containing dissolved solids) is passed through a magnetic field (such as Neodymium permanent magnets), and an alternating current is produced in the conductor (water) in accordance with Faradays Law upon which all electrical generators are based.

Dime Water, Inc. offers two product lines that produce this energy and have demonstrated their water-saving capabilities over many years. One is the MGM family designed exclusively for surface tension reduction and the other is the ESF family which not only reduces water surface tension but also prevents hardness scale in irrigation pipes and hardware. Neither requires electricity, chemicals, or field service. Both are constructed to last for many years in harsh environments and not waste a drop of water.

For those looking to improve the quality of their well water, exploring well water treatment systems is a wise step. These systems are designed to address various issues, including high levels of Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) and other minerals that can affect plant health. By incorporating well water treatment systems, such as ESF, MGM or other innovative technologies offered by Dime Water, Inc., crop growers can effectively reduce the mineral content in their water, leading to improved plant hydration and growth. Investing in well water treatment systems not only benefits plant life but also helps in conserving water resources, making it a sustainable choice for agricultural practices.

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It Isn’t Good to Fool With Mother Nature – Contaminated Water
(AKA Reason #23 For Not Drinking Bottled Water)

In the first week of February 2024, a Las Vegas, NV Jury awarded $130,000,000 to the family of a woman who had died from drinking REAL WATER brand bottled water. The cause of death was liver failure due to non-viral hepatitis caused by consumption of water contaminated with hydrazine. In total, $228,500,000 was awarded to all who were affected.

This story goes back to 2020/2021 during which time a total of seven people ages 7 months to 69 years were hospitalized in the Las Vegas area with the particular form of hepatitis. The cause was determined by the FDA to be hydrazine and the source traced to contaminated, beautifully packaged Real Water Alkaline bottled water. Once identified, production ceased and all distributed product recalled.

Hydrazine is a very simple man-made inorganic compound with the formula N₂H₄ that is often used as a propellent in small rockets and munitions as well as a precursor to the production of other chemicals and pharmaceuticals.  It is harmful to exposed skin and is also carcinogenic. Fortunately, it is not found in nature. Its only association with use in water is confined to acting as an oxygen scavenger to reduce corrosion in boilers. The EPA doesn’t require testing for it in drinking water and a quick look at standard testing of bottled water by laboratories doesn’t list hydrazine as a test-for analyte.

How did hydrazine get into one water bottler’s product? The answer did not appear in the summary of the trial, but some interesting possibilities were published this week in the online Chem Jobber. It was established that Real Water started out with Las Vegas municipal water (void of hydrazine) which then was carbon filtered, treated with reverse osmosis, UV exposed, ozonated, potassium chloride added, electrolysis processed, potassium hydroxide, potassium bicarbonate, and magnesium chloride added, and finally into bottles. The FDA inspector as well as one responding chemist felt that the electrolysis step inadvertently created the hydrazine with its hydrogen from electrolysis and nitrogen from the air combining. Electrochemistry can be very unpredictable as this tragic case highlights. It is a discipline practiced by few and totally understood by fewer. Our take on the source includes the electrolysis but then its reaction to chloramines disinfection in LV water that were not removed by filtration.

Trying to “improve” water beyond removing contaminants proved to be counterproductive and, in one case, deadly.  We have seen the mentioned electrolysis process come and go many times over the years with names such as Redox water, ionizers, etc. At one time, marketing companies offering electrolysis equipment and its processed water were concentrated in the Salt Lake City, UT area.

We continue to advise people to avoid bottled water and employ a properly designed, installed, and maintained in-home reverse osmosis system.

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As a company, we have always stayed away from utilizing scare tactics about water in our literature as well as in conversations with our distributors or their customers. Our preference has been to understand all water treatment technologies, implement those best suited for addressing customer needs, and stay in that lane without pretending to be experts on health issues related to water contaminants.

Information received on January 8, 2024, however, compels us to advise as many people as possible about a significant health threat related to water – specifically bottled water. On that date, we received the findings on nanoplastics in bottled water published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Their examinations showed an average of 250,000 particles per bottle in those tested.

Even more concerning than the high numbers was their sizes as small or smaller than a virus. At this size, they can invade human cells disrupting their development or causing mutations affecting our neurologic, immunologic, circulatory, and all organ systems. So small, in fact, that they have been found in newborns. It’s no leap to realize that animals and fish have been exposed, so to some extent the particles are also in our food chain.

The plastic materials are identified by a laser bombardment process that reveals they consist of nylon, Teflon (PTFE) the forever chemical, PVC, packaging plastics including PET, and possibly in some cases the polymer used in the production of reverse osmosis membranes.

What are we to do? The obvious answer is to avoid bottled water. Next would be to use an in-home reverse osmosis system that has pores as small as 0.002 to 0.0001 microns or at least 1/5 the size of the smallest virus/nanoplastics. Finally, an entrepreneur somewhere, hopefully, will follow in the footsteps of Stephan Wiess and drill deeply for newly formed water as outlined in our blog titled “There is probably enough water on earth for everyone”. This water, at depths of hundreds of feet, has not been exposed to man’s contamination and could be transported to customers in SS or glass vessels.

WHAT CAN A WHOLE HOUSE REVERSE OSMOSIS SYSTEM OR DRINKING WATER REVERSE OSMOSIS SYSTEM REALLY DO FOR YOU?

The common requests from prospective equipment purchasers range from “we want a better taste” to “we require total safety” in our water. This is an extremely broad range of expectations.  We’ll cover the details, but with preciously few exceptions, the RO units will address both extremes and everything in between.

Our sources of useable water are surface water such as lakes, rivers, streams, and ponds. They are subject to runoff of animal waste, fertilizers, insecticides, pesticides, and a myriad of industrial chemicals from the surrounding watershed. Another source is water from shallow and deep wells. Their contamination, if any, is due to the percolation of acidic rainwater through soil and rocks, poor seals at well heads, and non-local exposure of an aquifer to surface water.

The simplest approach to understanding water chemistry and the impact RO has on it is to break down the water chemistry into families of issues and then compare with the processes performed by a properly designed RO^(A) system. Let’s dive in.

FAMILIES OF CONTAMINANTS WITH EXAMPLES. Health-disruptive items are highlighted in red.

1. Suspended solids. Nearly total removal by inlet turbidity filter plus 0.001-micron membrane pore size

• General debris. Things that can be seen in water by the naked eye such as sand, silt, oxidized (red water) iron, clay, etc.
• Fine particles are referred to as colloidal such as a form of oxidized iron and tannins.
• Micro and Nano-sized particles such as micro and nano polymers^(B) are caused by the physical degradation of discarded plastics. Carcinogenic and found in water, air, bloodstreams, and our food chain.

2. Dissolved solids. 96 to 99% removal by inlet carbon filtration and membrane rejection process

• Almost all elements on the Periodic Table plus some key compounds. Calcium, magnesium, sodium, chloride, alkalinity, fluoride, arsenic, aluminum, lead, cadmium, chromium, chromium-6, mercury, nitrates, nitrites, and sulfates.
• Forever chemicals PFAS^(B). Like micro and nano polymers, these fluoride-based organic compounds released by chemicals such as Teflon, are everywhere in our environment and carcinogenic.

3. Organic compounds. 99%+ removal primarily by inlet carbon filtration supplemented by membrane rejection.

• Agricultural chemicals fertilizers, insecticides, pesticides
• Industrial/medical compounds. It is estimated that the list of such chemicals contains over 100,000 items. Most common are Pharmaceuticals, carbon tetrachloride, toluene, benzene, gasoline, vinyl  chloride, acetone, MEK,

4. 99%+ removal primarily by extremely small membrane porosity supplemented by pre and/or post-UV options if severe.

• Commonly found bacteria coliforms and e-coli. Viruses and cysts.
• Algae, mold, fungus

5. Dissolved Gasses. 95% removal of chlorine and chloramines and their byproducts by carbon filtration. Others barely changed.

• Added by treatment. Chlorine, chloramines. Byproducts after disinfecting DBPs, trihalomethane, chloroform
• Oxygen, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, methane, radon ^(C)

6. Radioactive materials. 90-96% removal by membrane rejection and porosity. Radium, uranium

Notes:

(A) Design must include at a minimum, pretreatment with 5-micron filtration and quality activated carbon plus a high-rejection polyamide membrane. If treated water is stored in an atmospheric tank, UV or ozone post tank is essential.

(B) Extremely harmful and seldom tested for. If the water source is from other than a deep well, assume present.

(C) Long-term exposure when in the air is deadly. Must be tested for on-site.

THERE IS POSSIBLY PROBABLY ENOUGH FRESH WATER ON EARTH FOR EVERYONE

Since 2014 scientists have been pursuing the concept that water exists hundreds of miles below us in a material called RINGWOODITE. 2014 is when a diamond from a Brazilian diamond mine was shown to have a tiny but visible speck of the material as an occlusion. Prior to that finding, ringwoodite materials had been found in meteorite debris and synthesized in the laboratory. Ringwoodite is a blue, gemlike material made of magnesium silicate (Mg₂SiO₄) that in theory has an attraction for hydrogen. It starts out as a green-colored mineral called Peridot that is exposed to seawater and indescribably high pressures to form ringwoodite with drops of water in it. Drawings of the water cycle now show ocean water leaking through fissures in the bottom of the oceans and then returning through other fissures by convection currents along with ringwoodite being expelled through volcanic eruptions.

The capture of fresh water from this natural process or by drilling so deeply may not be needed however, because THIS WATER HAS ALREADY BEEN FOUND.

A brilliant scientist/engineer/geologist/hydrologist named Stephen Riess found this newly formed, infantile, or primary water in copious amounts almost 100 years ago. He was born in Bavaria in the late 1800’s and educated in their finest technical schools. After emigrating to the U.S. in his 20s, he became an active mining engineer and geologist traveling worldwide for large firms. Because of a youthful encounter with wells in Germany and then his later mine experiences, he theorized that water was being constantly formed deep within the earth, that it was under tremendous pressure, and that this pressure was driving the newly formed water up toward the earth’s crust through fissures where, within reason, it could be accessed.

Because of his geology background, Mr. Riess further theorized that the fissures would be near mountains and mesas that had erupted through the surface and that the chemistry of the rocks adjacent to eruptions would further signify their presence. In the 1940’s he began advising people where to drill. One well required drilling 500 feet through solid granite and 450 feet beyond, but success was achieved. Upon partially retiring in the 70’s he could point to 800 success stories worldwide including Israel and Saudi Arabia. Much of his work was in southern California where he lived for decades and where he ran afoul of politicians over the development of waterways to transport water long distances vs. the drilling of local wells. This in turn caused various scientific, academic, and business entities dependent on public funding to discredit him. The ever-present go-along-to-get-along philosophy prevailed against the man and his theories backed by actual successes.

In 1960, a multi-disciplined engineer/author Michael H. Salzman wrote a book titled New Water for A Thirsty World about the work of Mr. Riess. He apparently had met the scientist and reviewed his notes because he uses the principles of water chemistry, advanced physics, geochemistry, petrology, physical chemistry, mineralogy, crystallography, and structural geology to validate the theories expressed by Mr. Riess. The book has been out of print for decades, but online certified scans are available at modest prices. It is in a textbook format with numerous references. Shortly before his death in 1985, Mr. Riess was interviewed twice on film where he detailed his theory and offered that he had copious notes on his theories and activities. These rather lengthy interviews are online in YouTube format by simply googling Stephan Riess. In them, he gives information on how his theories developed, how they need to be applied, and their successful application. They also display the sincerity of the man.

Modern drilling equipment and processes learned and developed for the oil and natural gas industries should make access to these water sources much easier than when Mr. Riess was assisting in developing productive primary water wells. The water obtained to date was of varying quality relative to its mineral content (TDS). This happens because the region where water is formed is below the level where oxidation can take place and the water is pure but as it accumulates in crevices and pockets it reacts with minerals and as a universal solvent, dissolves many. Minimal treatment may be needed for agricultural use because of brackishness but none of the wells produced anything approaching sea water quality.

A web search shows no signs of any enterprise or country exploring for this primary water. With the world requirement for fresh water for agricultural and human consumption ever increasing while simultaneously existing sources are diminishing, renewal of following the lead of Stephan Riess could be a lifesaver. Somehow his story must be spread worldwide with renewed optimism until it captures the imagination of an entrepreneur.  We cannot rely on the 2014 science project.

SPREAD THE WORD!

Water Treatment Process

1. Water availability issues. For all of recorded time, crop growth and watering of livestock has depended on available rainfall, lakes, rivers, streams and natural reservoirs. All are classified as surface water. Some advanced societies diverted natural sources to locations where needed and soon thereafter hand dug wells tapped into shallow level aquifers. Water withdrawal was by bucket and rope. By the mid nineteenth century, hand pumps were available and soon after, windmills powered the pumps. It wasn’t until the 1950’s that reliable submersible electric pumps enabled large volume water withdrawal for irrigation and other applications. Too much of a good thing has forced ever lowering of ground water levels and dropping pump levels. Unfortunately, rain water has not been able to percolate through the ground to replenish the aquifer levels as quickly as it is being withdrawn so two things are happening – we are running out of available water and the quality is getting worse. Since 2014, the scientific community has been pursuing the possibility of there being as much as 3 times as much fresh water as there is sea water deep within the earth. Deep is an understatement because depth estimates range from 200 to 400 miles. The discovery and ongoing interest are based on seismic studies and our ever-increasing knowledge of tectonic plate physics. The water exists in a phase that is neither liquid, solid or vapor but in a 4th state (possibly as hydroxyl-OH) absorbed in a mineral called ringwoodite. This mineral is formed from magnesium silicate (Mg2SiO4) under high temperature and pressure. Sounds farfetched, but so did fracking for oil 30 years ago.
2. Number of agricultural wells in USA Latest (2018) USDA numbers are:
   1. 231,000 farms irrigated 56 million acres with 83.4 million acre-feet (27 trillion gallons) of water. This equates to 12,000,000 gallons per farm.
   2. Five states account for 50% of all agricultural wells
      1. California – 15%  35,000 farms
      2. Nebraska – 14%  32,000 farms
      3. Arkansas – 8%     18,000 farms
      4. Texas – 7%           16,000 farms
      5. Idaho – 6%           14,000 farms
3. Well water problems related to agriculture
   1. Crop production. 90% of problems are related to high Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) which is expressed as Parts Per Million (PPM). If a gallon of water were boiled until all wetness is gone and all that was left is typically a white to tan powder or scale, this Solid material would be everything from the periodic table of elements that were dissolved in the water. By weighing the Total of these solids and using arithmetic to determine their weight in a million pounds (120,000 gallons) of water. Distilled water has a TDS value of 0 and sea water is 32,000. Well water values are all over the range, but 350 PPM to 16,000 PPM are commonly found in agricultural well water tests. DS values above 750 PPM inhibit plants from freely up taking water from the soil and circulating it in the xylem system to deliver necessary nutrients. At higher levels and with certain chemical ratios such as that of sodium and calcium (SAR) can actually come close to stopping flow. The primary problem with high TDS is its directly proportional effect on the water’s surface tension which lowers its ability to climb in the plant due to capillary attraction. Also, there are often concentrations of one or two elements among the dozens or more in a particular well that inhibit growth or quality of a crop. State and/or county agricultural departments, working in concert with research universities, publish lists of water parameters for virtually all possible crops. One element in water that negatively affects both plants and animals is boron.
   2. Animal use. Unique to virtually all species of all farm animals is their ability to sense high TDS in the drinking water offered to them. Simply put, they will drink only enough to sustain life and will become dehydrated. Cattle and dairy farmers sell the weight of their product as a carcass or as a liquid both being over 90% water. Lower water intake and retention significantly reduces profitability. There are certain elements in water that are dangerous to animals that they do not sense.
      1. Sulfates. They act as a cathartic leading to diarrhea. Extreme fluid lost and rapid digestive transit time lowering nutrient uptake.
      2. Nitrates. Body changes nitrate to nitrite which lessens the blood’s ability to transport oxygen and leads to weakness and frailty.
      3. Insecticides, pesticides, fertilizers, etc. Neurotoxins causing difficult-to-diagnose behavioral and physical issues.
4. Current technologies for treatment of agricultural well water
   1. Reverse Osmosis (R.O.)
      This water treatment process has matured significantly since its inception in the 1960’s. In the last 10 years, changes in technology have been incremental, so the process is stable and results predictable. The technology revolves around a thin sheet of plastic material not unlike Saran Wrap through which water containing the dissolved elements discussed above. This material is referred to as a membrane and has the unique ability to pass water molecules and hold back or reject elements when the water/element combination is pressurized. The process is not 100% effective, so typical results are 70 to 99% removal of the dissolve elements based on element concentration (TDS), applied pressure, temperature, specific membrane chemistry and other equipment subtleties. The primary benefit of the RO is to lower the water surface tension to improve water transit through plant to deliver nutrients. Performance ranges are:
      1. Applied (pumping) pressures. 150 PSI at moderate TDS levels to 800 PSI at high TDS levels.
      2. Energy consumption. Using 35,000 gallons per day use of treated water and 65% recovery (35% of all water to drain) as a base line, electrical power required would be  5.7 kWh on the moderate TDS levels and 26 kWh for the high TDS levels
      3. Waste water. The rejected elements need to be carried away in a waste water stream that represents 25 to 50% of water delivered to the system. This water is almost always too bad to have any use.
      4. Equipment cost. CAPEX. Using the parameters from (2) above, the end user should expect to pay slightly over $100,000.00 installed on a prepared site and $300,000.00 for a high TDS system.
      5. Operating cost. OPEX. Plan on 5% annually of original purchase price PLUS cost of electricity over a 15-year effective system life for consumables, membrane cleaning and/or replacement, anti-scale chemicals, replacement parts, etc., etc.
   2. Ion exchange.
      This is a process dating to the late 1920’s where one to 3 contaminants such as nitrates, alkalinity, calcium, etc. can be removed from a well stream by substituting the offending element for chloride, sodium, hydrogen, hydroxide, etc. Although effective, there is a waste stream with chemicals that may percolate through the soil and contaminate the aquifer or it may need to be removed as hazmat.  Depending on the specific ion exchange (resin) used and its regenerating chemical, drain volume will run from 2 to 10% of total water requirement. The TDS reduction is minimal if at all so that there is seldom a measurable
      lowering of the surface tension.
   3. Absorption media holds on to contaminant, but adds nothing in exchange. Primary function is to remove selectively elements that are discarded. When media capacity is full, chemicals and/or backwashing take place or media is discarded. Classic uses are for iron, manganese, arsenic and boron. None reduce the TDS or the surface tension.
   4. Catalytic/magnetic and Magnetic.
      Both processes run a conductor (water) through a strong magnetic field. Faraday’s Law causes a voltage to be developed. This energy is known to lower the surface tension on many (but not all) high TDS water supplies. TDS is not reduced.
5. THE FUTURE
   Worldwide, water withdrawal from aquafers is estimated at 75 trillion gallons annually with replenishment at <2% from rainfall. Unfortunately, withdrawal in coastal areas is causing seawater intrusion that progressively makes the well water less acceptable and requiring even higher levels of treatment before use. There are no supportive numbers on the number of wells drying up, but it is happening. 8+ billion people on earth need to be fed but because of water scarcity many may die of starvation. We have established in this presentation that reverse osmosis is the go-to technology to obtain water with acceptable chemistry for plants and animals in spite of unrealistically high CAPEX and OPEX. Let’s pause for a moment and truly think of what is going on. Water containing only ½% by weight of minerals (5,000 PPM) is unsatisfactory for irrigation or animals, but the RO process uses energy-consuming pressures and expensive hardware to literally pull the 99-1/2% water away from the ½% minerals. Wouldn’t it make more sense to reach into unpressurized water and pull out the small weight of minerals? Basic arithmetic says this could reduce energy needs by as much as 99-1/2% and a high percentage reduction of hardware cost depending on the technology used. That technology is available as DIME IMPROVED CAPACITIVE DEIONIZATION (DICDI).Dime Improved Capacitive Deionization
6. DICDI equipment involves the use of a relatively large volume of a custom adsorbent assembly (cell) immersed in unpressurized high TDS water. A low voltage, low amperage (low power) current flows through the water and adsorbent causing minerals in the water to cling into the adsorbent thus removed from the water and resulting in a significant reduction in TDS and surface tension. Power requirements are low enough to be handled by a small solar array. When the adsorbent becomes saturated with minerals, electrical polarity is reversed for a short time and adsorbed minerals are discharged into a low volume of water to drain. The DICDI adsorbent is made of 3 low-cost sustainable materials and processing involves 2 steps and some easy to fabricate, low-cost fixtures. Scaling from a system producing 500 gallons daily to 5,000 or 50,000 gallons is nothing more than increasing the number of adsorbent cells and increasing the support frame size. The DICDI process can reasonably expect to lower the ex-factory equipment cost by 75% and operating cost by 90% when compared to Reverse Osmosis. The systems are designed and constructed to improve well water quality for growing edible crops and to help animals thrive on the water they drink by treatment of water with a TDS range from 750 to 18,000 PPM. At this stage it not intended to treat 32,000 PPM sea water though future iterations may be adapted for this use.

The World needs Fluoride and that’s why it is here as one of the most prevalent 15 minerals. In nature it exists primarily as hard, slowly dissolving calcium fluoride (CaF₂). As low pH rain water passes through the ground causing it to dissolve the water hardness and fluoride concentration both increase in ground water (well water). Likewise, rain runoff across exposed calcium fluoride adds hardness and fluoride to surface water (rivers, lakes, streams). In most of the world the net amount in water of naturally occurring fluoride is in the 0.3 mg/l range. The notable exceptions are parts of Russia and India where because of the high concentrations of calcium fluoride, water contains beyond 10 mg/l.

In the lower concentrations, fluoride in soil and water is classified as a micro-nutrient that contributes to plant growth and, in humans, healthier, cavity-free teeth and stronger bones. As WWII ramped up, it is rumored that dentists could accurately predict draftees from certain cities because of excellent teeth— one being Green Bay, WI. Fluoride from plants and water gravitates toward calcium in humans thus its ultimate effect on teeth and bones.

If fluoride concentrations are too high, plants and humans accumulate it. Humans absorb 80% of fluoride ingested and 50% of that migrates to teeth and bones with the balance eliminated through urine. Plants simply store it and tea leaves probably store more than any other edible plants.

Most fluoride is used in industrial processes and waste from the processes is converted to Hexaflurosilicic acid (F6H2Si) that dissociates in water to 6F^– + SiO2 + 4H⁺. This acid is the primary additive used by municipalities along with sodium fluorosilicate or sodium fluoride to increase drinking water natural fluoride to approximately 1 mg/l based on the dental profession’s recommendations for healthy teeth. This added fluoride is welcomed by many and passionately opposed by others. The opposing group spends huge amounts to have the fluoride removed from their water. The current options for reduction are:

BONE CHAR.

This method is currently the most popular. Forget “removal” that is not going to happen “reduction” to some extent will. In addition to the issue of the level of reduction are capacity (how many gallons will it treat) and effective flow rate. As its name implies, bone char is nothing more than ground cattle bones heated to 900^o F in a low/no oxygen atmosphere within a rotating kiln. The resulting product is a fine, black particle consisting of approximately 70% hydroxyapatite [Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2] and the balance somewhat activated carbon (C). The reduction of fluoride is a combination of adsorption of fluoride by the hydroxyapatite, adsorption by the activated carbon and partial ion exchange with available OH ions.

Each cubic foot weighs 40 pounds and has the following characteristics –

• Literature is scant on this. We began using material from an east coast suppler in 2006. Their stated capacity was 0.005 pounds of fluoride removal per pound of bone char. This converts to 23,950 gallons per cubic foot based on 1 mg/l challenge. 100 days for a family of 4. We participated in a WQA test of the same material in 2009 and results were 11,900 gallons. 50 days for a family of 4. A recent in-house test on a sample from a national sample had a yield of 1517 gallons or about 2 weeks for a family of 4.
• Percent Removal. On average, fluoride removal was 67% thus leaving 33% or 1/3 of the fluoride in the water.
• Flow rate. The reactions taking place between the media and the fluoride take a long take a long time. To obtain even the modest results requires a flow rate of approximately 1.5 GPM per cubic foot of media. Higher flow rates cause the percentage of fluoride left in the treated water to increase significantly.
• Water Chemistry. Chlorine in the water to a bone char system will occupy some of the available sites which reduces capacity as will chloride. Effectiveness favors a pH in the 6-7 range and unfortunately cities are elevating their water pH to the 8+ level to prevent corrosion in their distribution system.

Recommendation for Bone Char Systems: AVOID.

ACTIVATED ALUMINA

The use of this material predates bone char for fluoride. It is a factory processed form of Aluminum Oxide (Al₂O₃) and normally appears as small white/light tan spheres 16-30 US mesh in size. For unexplained reasons, the USEPA classifies Activated Alumina as Best Available Technology (BAT) for fluoride and arsenic from water.

The material as originally processed contains sodium oxide (Na₂O) which converts to sodium hydroxide (NaOH) when first wetted. The resulting high pH reduces the capacity for Fluoride to nearly zero. Treatment of the material with hydrochloric (HCl) or sulfuric (H₂SO₄) acid before use is imperative. Some, but not all, providers of activated alumina offer material that has been acid washed for immediate use—beware.

Effective system flow is 2 GPM/cu. ft. of media in tanks(s) and removal of fluoride is approximately 65% at this flow rate. Capacity for fluoride is estimated at 1.5% or 6 lbs. fluoride per 40 pounds (1 cu.ft. ) of activated alumina. This is roughly 25x the capacity of bone char. However, properly prepared activated alumina can cost 20x that of bone char.

Water chemistry. Here is where the efficacy of activated alumina falls apart. The capacity for fluoride drops precipitously by 50% or more when feed water pH is 8.2 and bicarbonate alkalinity (essentially hardness) exceeds 50 PPM (3 grains). This eliminates effectiveness on 85% of municipal water supplies.

Recommendation for Activated Alumina Systems: AVOID.

ION EXCHANGE

As a weakly charged anion (negatively charged ion), fluoride can be reduced by approximately 50% by employing a system similar to a water softener where the softening resin has been replaced with typically a Type 2 strong base anion resin. Such systems are regenerated with sodium chloride (NaCl) and usually have a capacity of 12,000 grains for ALL anions in the water exclusive of silica and carbon dioxide when 5 pounds of salt per cubic ft. of resin. The removal of all anions is concerning. First, this could lead to a corrosive water as carbonate, bicarbonate and hydroxyl ions are removed. Second, there is always a chance of taste and odor issues when anion resins are used and in addition a very briny water could be created. Third and of primary importance, these resins are not fluoride selective and thus if not regenerated accurately and timely, they can dump extremely high, toxic levels of fluoride into the facility water stream.

A search for a fluoride selective resin yielded one manufacturer located in India. Overall capacity information contained numerous chemistry and flow rate caveats. The main problem is Aluminum Chloride is required for regeneration and its cost and availability is unknown.

Recommendation for Ion Exchange Systems: USE EXTREME CAUTION

REVERSE OSMOSIS

Drinking Water

A properly designed under counter system will produce approximately 1 gallon of treated water every half hour at a water use efficiency of 50% when operated at 65 PSI. Reduction of fluoride is 90-97% which means the remaining fluoride will be below detection levels or essentially zero on water tests. A basic battery operated total dissolved solids (TDS) meter should be included to monitor the effectiveness of the membrane. The system should also have a PERMEATE PUMP to eliminate TDS Creep which is an operational phenomenon of small RO systems that lowers water quality (increases fluoride in treated water).

Whole House

Although there is no reliable (Government agency, university study, etc.) study indicating fluoride uptake by humans other than by oral ingestion, there are those who wish to have it removed from their entire home. A reverse osmosis system designed and constructed to treat all water within a home will reduce fluoride as well as or better than an under counter system.

Recommendation for Whole House R.O. systems: Expensive but highly effective

Las Vegas, ensconced in the heart of the parched Mojave Desert, is renowned for its opulence and extravagance. Yet, beneath the neon allure, the city grapples with an enduring quandary – water scarcity. Central to the discourse is the question: Does Las Vegas indeed face an acute water supply problem? This article illuminates Dime Water Inc.’s pioneering endeavors, spotlighting our groundbreaking product, the ESF 2.0. This technological marvel not only confronts hard water scaling but does so while rigorously adhering to the principles of water conservation.

The Arid Reality: The Predicament of Water Scarcity in Las Vegas

Las Vegas, characterized by an annual rainfall of a mere 4.2 inches, confronts a dire water scarcity challenge. This environmental constraint is exacerbated by a burgeoning population and a burgeoning tourism industry, which together exert tremendous pressure on water resources. At its core, Las Vegas relies heavily on the Colorado River, an affiliation that renders it susceptible to manifold challenges revolving around water allocation and availability.

Colorado’s Conundrum: Innovation Amidst Water Shortages

The Colorado River, a vital water source for several southwestern states, including Nevada, confronts an existential crisis. A confluence of factors—persistent drought, unwarranted water rights allocation, and the reverberations of climate change—has precipitated a precipitous decline in water levels in the region’s principal reservoirs, notably Lake Mead and Lake Powell. This phenomenon imperils Las Vegas with the specter of severe water shortages. In this perilous juncture, innovative solutions, notably exemplified by Dime Water’s ESF 2.0, assume paramount significance.

Innovative Solutions: The ESF 2.0’s Unveiling

Amidst the impending water crisis, Dime Water Inc. introduces the ESF 2.0, a multifaceted solution that synergistically addresses critical aspects of Las Vegas’ water challenge:

• Hard Water Scaling: The ESF 2.0 employs cutting-edge technology to combat hard water scaling, thereby enhancing the efficiency and lifespan of appliances and piping infrastructure.
• Water Conservation: A paramount facet of the ESF 2.0’s functionality is its capacity to prevent scale buildup without any concurrent water wastage. In stark contrast to conventional water softeners, this technology eliminates the need for water flushing during the regeneration process, ensuring every precious drop is conserved.

Dime Water’s Contribution: Forging Sustainability and Efficiency

The ESF 2.0 dovetails seamlessly with Las Vegas’ sustainability aspirations, synthesizing elements of innovation, resource conservation, and responsible water management:

• Resource Efficiency: The ESF 2.0 represents a paradigmatic shift in water management by mitigating hard water scaling, enhancing appliance longevity, and conserving water resources.
• Environmental Stewardship: By curtailing scale buildup and mitigating water waste, the ESF 2.0 delivers a substantial reduction in the environmental footprint associated with water treatment, echoing Dime Water’s resolute commitment to sustainability.

Charting a New Course Towards Water Security

In confronting the exigent challenge of water scarcity, Dime Water Inc.’s ESF 2.0 emerges as an oasis of hope. By adroitly addressing hard water scaling whilst fervently conserving water, this innovative technology embodies the type of progress required to surmount Las Vegas’ water tribulations. Our partnership with Las Vegas underscores the pivotal role of innovation, sustainability, and conscientious resource management in securing a flourishing desert oasis for generations to come. At Dime Water Inc., we proudly stand at the vanguard of this imperative endeavor, pioneering solutions for a water-secure world.

Water scarcity is a pressing issue faced by many regions around the world, and Las Vegas is no exception. With its arid climate and growing population, conserving water has become a critical priority for the city. In this article, we will explore how the ESF 2.0, an updated version of the ESF water treatment system, plays a significant role in water conservation efforts, particularly in the context of water rationing in Las Vegas.

The ESF 2.0 is a patented update to the ESF system initially introduced by Dime Water, Inc. in 1996. Renowned for its success in preventing hardness scale in various establishments such as hotels, motels, nursing homes, apartment buildings, and homes, the ESF has been a trusted solution for decades. Furthermore, it has effectively replaced costly water softeners and chemical feed systems in numerous commercial and industrial reverse osmosis systems.

Enhanced Performance and Innovative Design

The ESF 2.0 incorporates a unique magnetic chamber, which follows the catalytic chamber, revolutionizing the system’s overall performance. The proprietary magnetic field arrangement and field strength enhancement boost the unit’s efficiency by an impressive 25%. Utilizing Neodymium class 52 magnets, renowned for their strength, the ESF 2.0 ensures optimal results. It’s important to note that the magnets are not in direct contact with the water stream, ensuring water safety. The wetted parts are made of durable materials like 304 Stainless Steel, bronze/lead-free brass, schedule 80 PVC, and EPDM elastomers.

Space-Saving and Cost-Effective

One of the standout advantages of the ESF 2.0 is its ability to provide substantial capital expenditure (CAPEX) and operating expenditure (OPEX) savings while occupying minimal space. This feature is particularly valuable in applications such as motels, restaurants, and retail stores. The ESF 2.0 systems are often utilized to replace outdated salt-based water softeners, especially when removing the old system proves economically unfeasible. They also offer an alternative in situations where existing softeners are taken offline due to municipal salt restrictions.

Efficient Performance and Lasting Effects

Compared to traditional water softener construction, the ESF 2.0 significantly reduces pressure drop characteristics caused by valves, resin columns, and distributors. Its water scale prevention effects remain consistent from minimal to maximum flow rates, lasting for up to 72 hours. This reliability ensures long-term efficiency, contributing to water conservation efforts.

Water Rationing in Las Vegas

Las Vegas faces unique challenges when it comes to water supply due to its arid desert climate and limited natural water resources. As a result, the city has implemented water rationing measures to ensure the sustainable use of this precious resource. Water rationing involves the controlled distribution of water to individuals and businesses, aiming to limit usage and encourage conservation.

The ESF 2.0 and Water Rationing

In the context of water rationing, the ESF 2.0 plays a crucial role in promoting water conservation in Las Vegas. By effectively preventing hardness scale and reducing water consumption, the system helps extend the availability of water resources. Its superior performance and lasting effects provide a reliable solution for businesses and households, even during times of restricted water usage.

The ESF 2.0 stands as a remarkable advancement in water treatment technology, addressing the urgent need for water conservation and the necessity of water rationing in places like Las Vegas. With its enhanced performance, innovative design, and space-saving benefits, the ESF 2.0 offers a sustainable and cost-effective solution for preventing water scale while reducing water consumption. As water scarcity continues to be a global concern, the ESF 2.0 represents a significant step towards a more water-efficient future.

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Phoenix, AZ Drought

To combat the ongoing drought conditions and help with the necessary demand for water conservation in Phoenix, Dime Water offers product lines that revolutionize water treatment by eliminating water waste and the need for salt-based treatments. Building on our expertise since 1995, Dime Water has been established as a leading provider of environmentally friendly water purifiers, a large part is in thanks to our patented catalytic-magnetic process. This technology has been instrumental in conserving precious potable water and reducing environmental harm. We have estimated that our technology has already saved 130 million gallons of water from being lost to drainage and prevented the discharge of 30 million pounds of salt into the ecosystem.

A Great Solution For Phoenix Arizona

Our latest offerings, Aquafer and ESF 2.0, are enhanced versions of our renowned technology. They boast an extended effective treatment life for hardness scale prevention, providing customers with a 20% longer lifespan. Notably, the new units are designed to address a wider range of scaling issues. In addition to combating the common calcium carbonate scale, these units also tackle scaling caused by calcium sulfate, strontium sulfate, barium sulfate, calcium fluoride, and calcium phosphate. This expanded capability is particularly significant for residential and commercial reverse osmosis applications.

The technology operates by creating microscopic seeds of one or more scale-forming minerals. This unique approach triggers the formation of seeds for the remaining minerals, due to fascinating phenomena. Once these seeds are formed, the product’s powerful heterogeneous magnetic field interacts with the microscopic mineral particles, causing them to cluster together and remain suspended instead of dissolving back into the water. In this clustered state, the mineral particles lose their charge and cannot adhere to surfaces, effectively eliminating the formation of scale.

Dime Water Aims to Make a Substantial Impact

Treated water for less than $1 a day. By introducing Aquafer, Dime Water aims to make a substantial impact on water conservation in Phoenix, Arizona. With its ability to prevent scale formation and minimize wastage, Aquafer reduces the need for excessive water usage in homes, commercial establishments, and reverse osmosis systems. By conserving water resources and minimizing the discharge of harmful salts into the environment, Aquafer offers an eco-friendly solution that aligns with Phoenix’s efforts to combat water scarcity and preserve the region’s delicate ecosystem.

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Since 1899, various government agencies and academic centers around the world have recognized and measured the east-west off-set of the earth’s north-south axis of rotation. In a 6-14 year cycle this change can be from 20-60 inches and is referred to as earth’s wobble. Until 2000 this condition was primarily a scientific oddity except for those plotting space ventures, celestial observatories, astronomers and explorers. As societies became more dependent on GPS for a myriad of tasks, accuracy needs to be increased. That 20 to 60 inches doesn’t sound like much, but basic trigonometry tells us it’s enough to put a plane at the wrong airport, an ambulance on the wrong side of town or you at the wrong restaurant. It became apparent that there was a need to program the wobble dimension and direction into satellite software for all civilian, military and scientific satellites in real time for accuracy. Numerous math models were developed to predict the when of the next movement along with its magnitude and direction. None succeeded. Missing, of course, was why it was happening.

In 2016, NASA, in collaboration with the German Aerospace Center, released a peer-reviewed study that, though heavy on correlation, placed the causation of the wobble along with its magnitude and direction (vector) on the planet’s surface water not including lakes and rivers. In essence, a wet season on a substantial land mass will tilt the axis toward it thus defining the direction. The magnitude will be determined by the longitudinal distance from the equator and is maximized in a +/- 45o band. This last comment is based on a physics mathematical representation of a spinning object beyond the understanding of this author. This entire study apparently is as close as we have come to being able to take a predictive lead on the wobble. As no surprise, some in the scientific community continue to express beliefs about glacial ice melting being a wobble-causing component due to – you guessed it– global warming. Any chance that the tilt is part of the warming as opposed to or in addition to CO2?

The San Diego Union Tribune ran an article on June 29, 2023, that adds a new component to the cause of the tilt. According to Ki-Weon Seo, professor of geophysics at Seoul National University (Korea), and his research associates, a contributor and perhaps a major contributor to the tilt action is the worldwide water withdrawal of 75 trillion gallons annually from wells. This is data from 1960-2000 and it is presumed that it continues to this day. They also point to the earth’s crust still unevenly rebounding after millions of years of ice age coating. 70% of usable water is destined for agriculture or food production to supplement rainfall. The world population went from 3 to 8 billion between 1960 and 2022 but appears to be stabilizing at nearly 8 billion for the foreseeable future. Replenishment (recharging) of groundwater sources is probably running <2% annually, so as wells run dry they will stay that way for decades. To continue feeding 8 billion people, drastic changes need to be made:

1. Stop or severely reduce non-food crops, Corn for ethanol, hay, decorative plants & shrubs, etc.
2. Stop or severely reduce crops for animal feed. Necessitates severe reduction of animal protein diets.
3. Eliminate high water use crops such as rice and almonds.
4. Encourage plant gene splicing so they thrive on less water.
5. Eliminate organic crops.
6. Learn and practice irrigation methods from the Israelis.
7. Stop water treatment processes that wastewater.

Every few months, a vibrant brochure arrives in the mail from newly established water filter manufacturers, accompanied by alarming warnings about the quality of your home’s water. They offer an enticing new water treatment solution and even the chance to win a trip to Bermuda if you act immediately.

While it’s true that residential water filtration systems offer numerous health and quality-of-life benefits for your family, not all manufacturers can be trusted. Some unethical providers come and go quickly, charging exorbitant prices for water treatment systems that fail to deliver on their promises.

When you’re ready to explore your options, it’s important to choose a reputable company that has stood the test of time and presents factual information instead of exaggerated claims.

Our advice is to look beyond the sales pitch, scare tactics, and exaggerated assertions about maintenance-free systems that are supposedly cheaper than anything else on the market.

With over 20 years of experience, Dime Water is a reliable choice. We offer a range of water filtration solutions tailored to different situations, acknowledging that what works for one scenario may not be equally effective elsewhere.

Our proven residential water filtration solutions are designed to meet your current and future needs, and we’re always transparent about installation, maintenance, warranty, and cost.

Get the facts about water filtration by calling Dime Water now: (760) 734-5787.

ESF 2.0 (ENVIRO SCALE-FREE)

PREVENTS HARD WATER SCALE WITH:

• NO SALT OR CHEMICALS
• NO ELECTRICITY
• NO WATER TO DRAIN
• NO SERVICE —— EVER

The ESF-2.0 is a patented update to the ESF first offered by Dime Water, Inc. in 1996. The original and still available ESF has enjoyed decades of success preventing hardness scale in hotels, motels, nursing homes, apartment buildings, and homes. Additionally, they have successfully replaced costly, high-service water softeners and chemical feed systems pretreating hundreds of commercial and industrial reverse osmosis systems.

The 2.0 version incorporates a unique magnetic chamber following the catalytic chamber that employs a proprietary magnetic field arrangement and field strength enhancement that improves the unit’s overall performance by 25%. The magnets used are Neodymium class 52 which are the strongest permanent magnets available. Magnets are not in the water stream. Wetted parts are 304 Stainless Steel, bronze/lead-free brass, schedule 80 PVC, and EPDM elastomers.

In addition to tremendous CAPEX and OPEX savings, these ESF 2.0 systems occupy virtually no valuable space which is yet another cost benefit. This feature is particularly important in motel, restaurant, and retail store applications. Often used to replace aged salt-based water softeners especially when the old system is too large to be economically removed or in situations where existing softeners are taken offline because of municipal salt restrictions.

Pressure drop characteristics are a fraction of those created by the valves, resin columns, and distributors used in water softener construction. The water scale prevention effects remain relatively constant from minimal through maximum flow rates and last for up to 72 hours. Custom small hot water “booster” units are available for tank/recirculation hot water systems.

Available Models

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You may or may not approve of the elimination of the world’s dependency on fossil fuels (oil, coal & natural gas) and the pace of the change to renewables (solar and wind) is taking, but they are definitely upon us. It appears that virtue-signaling government personnel and bureaucracies have gotten ahead of available technologies with the exception of Japan and perhaps a few other countries.

The current worldwide preferred technology for cars and trucks to avoid fossil fuels is electric motors and the source of electricity is batteries that require frequent recharging. Recharging requires electricity from the grid and this power is derived from generators powered primarily by fossil fuels. The stated desire is to augment and eventually replace these generators with renewable power from photovoltaic cells (solar) and wind-driven generators. As a side note, current new solar panels transform 20% of the applied sun energy into electricity, stabilizing to 18% shortly after installation.

The obvious problem in the transition to sun and wind use is their intermittent availability. To overcome this deficiency, a huge industry of battery-based energy storage that releases electricity on demand 24/7 is emerging. This storage capacity will require millions if not billions of batteries over and above those needed for vehicles.  It’s questionable that even multiple Tesla million-square-foot giga-factories can meet the challenge.

In addition to the production capabilities needed to produce the number of batteries required, is raw materials availability. Sources of items such as Lithium, cobalt, and nickel are questionable as is their very existence. One geologist has stated that there aren’t enough of the necessary elements on the planet to meet the needs. The answer may be to switch to sodium from lithium. Sodium is a close cousin to lithium on the periodic table and is universally available as salt to be mined and in seawater. Metallic sodium does not exist in nature as pure sodium but must be extracted from molten salt (Sodium Chloride) by the Downs Cell method. Sodium-based batteries have a lower power-to-weight ratio than lithium-based, so they are best suited for stationary storage applications thus leaving lithium for vehicles. One interesting source of salt could be the wastewater from seawater reverse osmosis systems. By reclaiming the salt and not returning it to the ocean, permits for large seaside systems to produce drinking water may avoid the negativity by environmentalists.

Interestingly, Japan, in spite of its history, is ramping up its nuclear energy electricity production capabilities to replace shipped-in oil and natural gas. They have a shortage of both wind and solar options because of location, geography, and population density. They have developed smaller, close-to-use reactors and turbine-driven generators. The reactors are totally unique employing closed-loop helium cooling systems to replace water and employ ceramic encapsulation of radioactive core sources that are impervious to heat.  Both features address the problems displayed at the Fukushima power plant.

Of additional interest, Japan is betting through Toyota and Honda on electric cars powered by Hydrogen using hydrogen fuel cells as the source of electricity. They have also developed two new methods of producing hydrogen from water. Both processes are electrolysis with one receiving its energy in a loop directly from the small nuclear reactor called high-temperature steam electrolysis (HTSE) and the other called the thermochemical water-splitting iodine-sulfur (IS) process.

Yes, of course. Bacteria have a genetic profile, so if bacteria is present there will be genes. One gene, the MCR-9 gene, can be a very large problem, however. This particular gene causes the bacteria it resides in to be anti-microbial resistant. Simply put, the bacteria cannot be killed by antibiotics; not even colistin. Colistin (polymyxin E) trade name Colomycin is thought of as the “drug of last resort” when treating people with bacterial infections (particularly pneumonia) that are not responding to more common antibiotics. Death may result if the damages of bacteria cannot be halted.

The presence of the MR-9 gene is being tracked around the world by various groups because of the devastating effects it can have on a population if it enters water supplies or food chains. The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared the potential damages from this gene’s antimicrobial resistance as “one of the top 10 global public health threats facing humanity”.  The tracking in the US is being headed by Issmat Kassem an assistant professor of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences at the University of Georgia. For the first time, it has been identified in the US as present in sewerage in Georgia. As with Covid-19 testing, the presence of a particular virus or bacteria in sewerage lets investigators know that the population serviced by a particular sewerage treatment system has been exposed to the contaminant.

Now that the MCR-9 gene is in the US, what can be done? We certainly cannot live in a sterile bubble, so common sense should prevail. The human immune system is capable of preventing bacterial infections by bolstering it through proper diet, mineral and vitamin supplementation as needed, proper rest, and stress relief. This is often referred to as the Terrain Philosophy of health. Add to it good hygiene practices and bacteria with the MCR-9 gene will not invade. For those who are immune-compromised for any reason, Ultra Violet (UV) treatment of water entering the home will stop that pathway, rinsing fresh food with ozonated water will stop another and finally, a circulating air filter with a UV inside will round out water, food, and air protection.

WATER AND ELEPHANTS

WHAT DO THEY HAVE IN COMMON?

Although it may seem strange or bizarre, the answer is MEMORY.

A common comment about people exhibiting above-average recall is to equate this ability to that of an elephant. This is a documented truism based on professional observations, testing, and elephant brain biopsies. In fact, the biopsies document a pyramidal neuron level (associated with memory) on a par with humans.

Conversely, when water memory is mentioned, reactions range from disbelief to accusations of pseudo-science or worse from the scientific community. The disconnect between people with traditional science education and what can be laboratory demonstrated and effectively used in water is the textbook information on water that simply is not challenged as it should be. Too often, water is overlooked as being a major contributing factor in products and processes.

No, water doesn’t remember names or dates, but more importantly, it remembers and can repeat frequencies (vibrations) that it is exposed to. This is important because everything that exists (animal, vegetable, and mineral) has a frequency unique to it as evidenced by the effectiveness of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) which measures frequency responses at the cellular level.  Very early in the 20^th Century, Nikola Tesla referred to the earth as a huge ball of vibrations. In 1952 this was confirmed and named the Schumann resonance belt existing between the surface of the earth and the ionosphere. This 60-mile-wide electromagnetic field band vibrates consistently at 7.83 hertz (cycles per second) and was probably the infinitely available energy described by Tesla that he wished to harness. This energy is the result of positively charged solar winds reacting with the negatively charged earth and interestingly 7.83 hertz is the alpha frequency of the human brain.

There are two controversial medical applications involving vibrations or frequencies. One dates to the late 1700s in Germany and a physician named Samuel Hahnemann. He is the founder of what is currently known as homeopathic medicine. Using highly diluted solutions of pathogens in water is referred to as homeopathic compounds that contain unmeasurable amounts of pathogens in water that trigger the immune system to release antigens. By diluting the solutions multiple times until all molecules of the pathogen are below detection levels, presumably only their vibration remains in the water. The other dates to the 1920s and is the strengthening of various organ cells in the body responding curatively to a like vibration through water in the cell applied by an electrical frequency generator device. Perhaps the most famous (infamous?) was developed by Dr. Royal Rife. The rife machine has been offered by a number of companies and is declared illegal by the FDA although proponents swear to their efficacy and to this day risk stiff fines and jail terms for promoting or selling such devices.

The thousands of photos taken of water drops in the 1980s and 90’s by Japanese physician Dr. Masaru Emoto provide us with visual insight to the effects of various vibrations on water.  Pictures were taken at -5 to 0^o C. and displayed the hexagonal shape of water molecule structures as well as distortions caused by pollution and unpleasant sounds. An impressive selection of Dr. Emoto’s photos is available in his book Messages from Water. Because water has unusual properties such as expansion at freezing and asymmetrical hydrogen/oxygen bond angles, often expressed is a thought that water is not from this planet. This thought may be reinforced by a satellite photo on page 139 of the book showing ice balls entering earth from space.

Recently, medical investigators in France have reported experimental proof of the presence and longevity of vibrations in the water. The first scientist was Dr. Jacques Benveniste who in 1988 began using the term water memory. After his untimely death in 2004, the lead scientist studying water memory became Dr. Luc Antoine Montagnier. He is not only a practicing French physician but a Nobel prize winner in physiology for the discovery of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus or HIV. His experiment successfully imprinted the vibration profile of a DNA strand into the water, digitized it, and transmitted it via the internet to another country where the vibrations were applied to a vile of water containing DNA building blocks of nucleotides (phosphate, sugar, and nitrate groups) and the DNA strand was replicated with 98% accuracy. The entire experiment can be viewed at https://www.nature.com/news/2004/041004/full/news041004-19.html

A serious university-level report on how the memory phenomenon works were published on www.scirp.org. This is a site that grants open access to hundreds of technical papers and by typing in water memory, a 2018 paper from the Journal of Modern Physics produced by Auguste Meeson of a Belgian University appears. His conclusion is that in spite of multiple dilutions (10 to 100 times) nanoparticles of ferromagnetic material referred to as pearls remain that hold memory not unlike a CD or tape. Rather strange, but plausible. Until a more definitive explanation is offered, it is probably best to refer to the water memory ability as a phenomenon.

What’s next for applying memorized vibrations in water? The first and most important step is for mainstream scientists to accept Dr. Montagnier’s experiments and build on them. This can be a difficult hurdle because of a history of scientific careers being derailed by water-related studies that failed. Next will be the need for entrepreneurs to champion the concept and develop products.

Once water memory is established as a truism, however, we may expect to see

• A resurgence of homeopathic compounds within or in competition with big pharma
• Transport of dangerous chemicals via the internet
• Beverages infused with curative vibrational messages
• Crops irrigated with water containing vibrations of insecticides, pesticides, nutrients, etc.
• Ways to erase old memories so that new ones can be added. Currently, it appears that the phase changes and heat associated with distillation are adequate but slow.

The study of water and its properties constantly seems to open new paths to explore.

In 2020 an organization called EARTH ISLAND out of Berkley, California filed suit in the California court system against all beverage companies selling beverages in California that use plastic bottles. This, of course, includes drinking water as well as sodas and others.

The desired outcome is to eliminate plastic bottle waste from the environment by replacing them with biodegradable and environment-friendly bottles. Not surprisingly, the industry leaders have fought back primarily with two tactics one being it should be a federal suite where it would be prohibitively expensive to file and pursue, and the other a change of venue to each company’s corporate headquarters which would increase costs dramatically. This week a state judge struck down both tactics and the California suit will proceed.

A casual look at store shelves indicates that based on shelf space, bottled water is by far the largest target and with California having almost 1/8 of the US population, the potential impact on bottled water sales will be significant. A switch to cans is an alternative that would probably increase cost and additionally may not be received well by consumers because of carrying and closure issues. In some parts of the world plastic packets called sachets are used, but they too lack consumer convenience and plastic waste remains.

We have all seen photos and/or videos of hideous areas of plastic waste dominated by discarded bottles. PFAs are regarded as forever plastics because they simply will not break down in water or sunlight but instead wear mechanically to become microparticles now found in our food chain and within virtually all living creatures. The plastics used in drinking water bottles are almost-forever materials that blight the environment and impact living creatures. Certainly, the plastics industry and others are aware of what may change in California and are working with their customers for viable alternatives. But until then?

Few of us want restrictions imposed via courts or legislative actions, but before such activity takes place, it may be wise and environmentally responsible to consider a viable alternative such as treating the water in the home or office and utilizing permanent, often insulated personal bottles. Excellent treatment for taste, odor, and safety can be achieved with Dime Water, Inc.’s lineup of under-counter REVERSE OSMOSIS SYSTEMS. One system the Model DRO-100-ZW does this with ZERO WASTED WATER.

WASTE NOT. WANT NOT.

Often attributed to a writing by Benjamin Franklin shortly before the signing of the Declaration of Independence, these few words are particularly germane when thinking about water as drought conditions grip the US Southwest.

While catching up on reading March and April issues of Water Conditioning & Purification Magazine, I was intrigued by back-to-back articles about the reclamation of spent brine from the regeneration of water softeners. The authors were educated, experienced, and well-respected professionals in the water conditioning industry. One offered a process that would be relatively inexpensive to accomplish and looked to permit about 10% reuse. The other proposed process involves the addition of rather expensive components, but a net reclamation estimated at 40%.

As part of the April presentation, the following numbers were expressed:

1. 10,000,000 residential water softeners in the US
2. 60,000 commercial water softeners in the US

These units not only consume salt, but of equal if not more importance they discharge (waste water) to drain during regeneration in huge accumulated volumes. Based on the stated unit volumes, the wasted water is:

1. Residential(1) 31.2 BILLION GALLONS ANNUALLY
2. Commercial(2) 3.37 BILLION GALLONS ANNUALLY

Notes:

1. 40 gallons per regeneration. 1-1/2 regenerations weekly.
2. 360 gallons per regeneration. 3 regenerations weekly. 24” DIA. Media tank.

Admittedly, there is a small percentage of applications where there is a need to remove calcium and or magnesium from water and replace it with sodium from salt, but in the vast majority of applications, preventing hardness scale and soap scum is of primary concern. This can be accomplished with a number of time-tested technologies that waste zero water. These technologies include magnetic, catalytic and a combination of the two.

Beware of salt-based softeners advertised as being “efficient” or high efficiency” As salt consumption per regeneration is reduced, there is a corresponding reduction in system capacity. This means that such systems need to regenerate more frequently and as a result cause excess water wasted to drain.

DIME WATER, INC. has worked for decades to bring to market an extensive list of residential, commercial, and industrial products that have zero water to drain. Additionally, these systems use no chemicals or electricity. Specific models include our ESF, ESF PLUS, AQUAFER, AQUAFER  PLUS, and CARTRIDGE FILTERS. Aquafer provides treated water for less than $1 a day.

DIME WATER, INC. is in the final development stages of a home under counter reverse osmosis system that is 100% water efficient and has zero water to drain. This compares to competitors’ systems that waste 4 gallons of water for each treated gallon upon start up but easily go to 8 gallons or more to waste for each treated gallon as the tank fills and its back pressure rises. The net result is waste up and quality down.

In 2018 we embarked on a program to determine precisely what structured water truly consists of. People were spending obscene amounts on bizarre devices consisting of such things as revised food blenders, twisted strips of copper or stainless steel, tubes loaded with HDPE spheres, and glass cones with a water pump to name a few. Along with unsupportable high prices, two other common attributes the product providers offered were slick literature and a spokesperson with a questionable curricula vitae. Not a feasible description of the structure of the water in any of them.

A suggestion from a long-term customer led us to The Fourth Stage of Water by Dr. Gerald H. Pollack, Ph.D. The book, published in 2013, detailed a structure of water discovered by Dr. Pollack and his laboratory colleagues at the University of Washington. It went on to describe the benefits of this water structure to plant and animal (human) life.

We designed a system to replicate and enhance the effects detailed in the book’s laboratory reports and we went on to describe how the structuring process created columns of water adjacent to one another. Quite by accident, on April 10, 2022, the president of our company received the photo viewed here that definitely confirms the structural formation of water locked in ice. The photo date is unknown but taken in Switzerland in an area known for clear water and large ice crystals.

A recent article in the San Diego Union-Tribune was shocking. It stated that homeowners in the San Diego region will soon experience $400.00 monthly water bills for watering their lawns. Shame on us for continually trying to change the Mohave to Maui one homesite at a time, but it highlights how close we are to water costs first equaling and then passing electricity and natural gas costs not only in San Diego but in the arid US Southwest.

No, we are not running out of water. The supply has remained constant since the beginning of time. What we are short of is water with a potability level to satisfy consumers as well as government regulators. This situation has been made even worse by a population shift to more arid areas and simultaneously a climate shift that promises long-term drought conditions in the very same areas.

It appears that the US will continue to have cold areas with excess water and a declining population sharing the continent with hot, water-scarce areas of population growth. Perhaps technology could be developed that could transport water from a cold area to a warm, sunny area and then utilize solar heat on a portion of it ultimately returning it as steam to the source thus treading water for essentially free energy. Recently, a TIME Magazine writer, while expressing that the climate shift is all global warming caused, ventured that the cure in part could be dramatically downsizing our military and by extension, others also. Could be, but a rather circuitous path for an immediate problem.

Until technology or a radical idea persevere, we must rely on an informed, caring population upping their conservation efforts. One area of water conservation that is overlooked by consumers, businesses, and industries is water wasted by treatment processes such as water softeners and filters. Daily, hundreds of millions of gallons of treatment-process polluted water waste are needlessly dumped down drains to be treated by sewer districts or nature for eventual reuse. Needlessly because too few people are aware of multiple, time-proven technologies for treating water with little or no wasted water. Before purchasing new or renovating older drinking water systems, take the time to talk with an engineer in the water treatment industry and ask for no waste alternatives.

According to a report titled Zero Liquid Discharge System Market Research Report, many major multi-national corporations are embracing the policy of severely minimizing liquid (water) discharge from their facilities. The last reporting year was 2020 when $190.2 million was spent on equipment to minimize discharge. It is reported that in 2026 $10.23 billion will be spent on the effort. The full report is available at www.researchmarkets.com. Conservation certainly will be a significant growth market for water treatment equipment providers who position themselves with contemporary products.

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A few years ago, while testing customer-supplied water samples in our lab to make equipment recommendations, I noticed a slight surface sheen in one beaker of water. Rather than immediately running a camphor test for the presence/absence of oil, the color prompted me to approach the surface with a flame. The material on or in the water sample ignited and supported a flame for a few moments. Had the material simply ignited in a single, rapid whoosh, methane caused by decaying organic material would be the cause, but this was obviously different.

Having tested thousands of water samples as a lab manager years earlier, the above was so unusual that it piqued my curiosity. All I knew was that the sample came from a residential well in the Ramona, CA area. A longtime resident and plumber in the area told us that beginning in the WWll era, defense manufacturers and others would bury drums of spent or dirty chemicals. At the time, what is known as East County now encompassing many communities, was sparsely populated and a tempting disposal area. It wouldn’t be a surprise if there were numerous such areas scattered around the US and elsewhere. I believe we recommended a combination of activated carbon and organically modified clay.

This is one example of a surprise contaminate in a well water sample. Typically, residential well water supplies are minimally tested when first drilled and not again until something obvious (discoloration, offensive odor, corrosion, etc.) is noticed or the home is sold. Be aware that the aquafer supplying a well can spread out for miles and be exposed to not only discarded chemicals but agricultural insecticides, pesticides, and chemical fertilizers. Animal waste causing nitrates and harmful bacteria is also a common problem. Also be aware that a water test is a snapshot in time and that such things as heavy water use by a close, large well such a golf course, a new subdivision or heavy rainfall can alter test results dramatically.

Dime Water has staff engineers and an extensive array of products enabling us to identify and cure even the most difficult water problems. Of equal importance, we specialize in treating customers’ water with processes that often eliminate or dramatically reduce drain waste which is critical in areas where low production and questionable wells are very common. Additionally, these processes require no salt or chemicals which can negatively impact septic systems.

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A recent and extremely short comment by a patent office (USPTO) employee on a PBS radio station stimulated some thoughts and concerns. Her exposure to the patent process reveals that the vast majority are miniscule changes to existing products to protect an inventor or company in their marketing efforts. The sheer number of such applications is so high that the entire system has beenslowed down.

Since shortly after the US Civil War and continuing through the 1940’s, patents were often major, lifealtering ideas such as horse to cars, x-rays, electrical generation/transmission, human flight, radio, television, moving pictures, anti-biotics, anesthetics, steel production, splitting of atoms and the transistor to name a few. Thinking of each of these, virtually everything since has been an incremental development on one or more in relatively small steps.

History tells us that the vast majority of the life-altering ideas were conceived and developed by an individual with a passion and who prevailed after multiple failures until achieving success. Some such as Einstein were revered for their efforts and some such as Tesla were lost to posterity until recently. Each of them had in common with the others an imagination that fueled an idea that in-turn created their
passion.

If, as a society, we are to grow and prosper, we need to have a nucleus of people with imaginations to conceive the next life altering ideas and products. However, their activities are often stymied by such things as:

Educational System
In STEM institutions there is a need to follow a ridged progression of classes to maintain program certification. Further, professors and their assistants have minimal “real world” experiences and their career paths depend on outside grants and publishing that require adherence to set policies.
Einstein is said to have been dismissed from a university for not performing assigned chemistry experiments because results were already known and he wished to try new experiments.

Fear of failure
This not only is self applied, but can be peer applied if working within a team or for a corporation or an investor. Dr. Dyson of vacuum cleaner fame who himself was a prolific, multi-faceted inventor is alleged to fire engineers if they didn’t make a mistake after a year. He believed that
failures proved thinking outside of the box.

Thinking time
Looking off into space and clearing one’s mind of everything except a new concept should be encouraged by employers and professors alike. Unfortunately, it is too often mistaken for goofing off.

Corporate Culture
At the top management level, pay, bonuses and job security are determined in 3 month increments of pleasing stock holders so corporations are poor incubators for imaginative ideas.

This culture then permeates the entire staff and ideas suffer. Lip service is paid to R&D but acquisitions are the primary source of “new”.

Distractions
Sports, TV and 24/7 device connectivity certainly consume time that could be used for free thinking and, of course, can interrupt mid imaginative idea.

Private Funding
This can be an effective way for someone to obtain living expenses and concept development costs in the embryonic stages. If this is from friends and relatives it can progress smoothly. If from professional investors, however, their time demands and vision of the future seldom parallel that of the creative contributor and results in project collapse.

Not to totally despair. NASA puts out a monthly publication TECH BRIEFS that summarizes developments in medical devices, material sciences, propulsion, electronics, and spacecraft. Though the contributors’ design to a NASA needs, it’s refreshing to see one area where novel thinking is fostered and the imaginative minds are available.

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In response to the ongoing drought conditions as well as the overall worldwide shortage of potable water, Dime water has prepared for the imminent release of a vastly improved offering of zero water waste, no salt treatment products.

Since 1995, Dime Water has been an international leader in producing environmentally friendly water purifier products around their patented catalytic-magnetic process. From its inception through 2021, it is estimated that this technology has prevented the loss to drain of 130 MILLION GALLONS of potable water and the discharge of 30 MILLION POUNDS of salt into the environment.

The revised technology will be referred to as Aquafer and ESF 2 POINT O and offers the customer a 20 % longer effective water treatment hardness scale prevention life. Also, in addition to addressing the most common calcium carbonate scale, the revised units will also significantly reduce scaling caused by calcium sulfate, strontium sulfate, barium sulfate, calcium fluoride and calcium phosphate which are particularly important for home and commercial reverse osmosis applications. The Aquafer offers treated water for less than $1 a day.

The entire process relies on creating microscopic seeds of at least one of the scale forming minerals. For reasons often referred to as phenomena, this encourages formation of seeds of the remaining minerals mentioned. Once accomplished, a strong heterogeneous magnetic field in our products reacts on the microscopic mineral particles which causes them to cluster and not go back into solution. In the clustered form, there is no charge that permits them to cling to surfaces which then eliminates scale.

An April 3, 2021 climate report on a local CBS TV affiliate indicated that 74 million people living East of the Mississippi river will experience drought conditions in 2021 and 2022. This news was followed the next week by an article in the San Diego Union Tribune that snowpack levels in mountains to the North were at 50% of “normal”. This is a critical source of water for much of California and normal is quite low because of the averaging in of some terribly dry seasons the last few years.

It is incumbent upon all of us to do our part for conservation and yet the water conditioning industry continues to promote and sell water softeners and filters that waste precious water when viable alternatives have been available for well over 20 years. At most levels, water conditioning products are a push market, so sellers could more easily adapt to newer, water-saving products but few do. Pull markets created by more enlightened and educated consumers tend by a vastly higher percentage to favor the greener products.

Why the reluctance to change? One can only guess, but some reasons are:

• Big names in the industry that are heavily invested in machinery and facilities to produce components for traditional water and salt using systems such as control valves, ion exchange resins, and salt are loathed to promote a disruptive product
• The distribution channel is very fragmented and poorly informed at the seller/customer interface
• The dollars generated by the entire industry have been too low to attract talented, innovative, and highly educated people.

The base technology of the water wasting products dates to the 1930s with the widespread adoption of high surface area ion exchange resins dating to the 1980s. Most activity now appears to be in sensors and electronics on valves that use less salt with the goal being stoichiometric salt levels (a pound of salt removing a pound of hardness). Unfortunately, this is counterproductive because the corresponding loss in capacity requires more frequent regenerations so WASTE WATER INCREASES.

A more demanding and conscience-guided consumer base will eventually obsolete many of today’s products and replace them with products such as our residential and commercial ESF and Aquafer and hopefully, new distribution channels for these products will open up.

The ever-present message from news outlets, government officials from the top down, and peer pressure is that Worldwide we all must wear a mask to prevent the spread of Covid 19. There is compelling evidence that the most common materials used in their fabrication have pore sizes much larger than viruses thus not particularly effective. The analogy referred to is to think of throwing sand at a chain-link fence. Apparently, this has become common knowledge, thus a recent push to wear 2 masks simultaneously. Personal hygiene and immune improvement through diet and supplementation have all but disappeared from the dispensed advice.

The push for masks has been so effective that billions have been distributed and the numbers continue to grow. The vast majority are disposable and carelessly discarded as evidenced in parking lots, parks, and along roadways. This issue goes way beyond litter and affects our health and the food chain.

The most popular materials used to manufacture masks are cotton, polypropylene, and polyester with the last two being manmade plastic materials. The manmade materials are processed into microfibers for maximum filtration efficacy. This processing is responsible for microfibers getting into our water and food as the masks degrade. The primary effect in humans is the disruption of intestinal chemistry plus the unknown long-term exposure to slowly dissolving polymers in our gut. Environmentalists have now concluded that these particular microfibers are further degrading to Nanoparticles which plausibly causes uptake into the bloodstream.

What to do? The damage is done, so changes in mask material or disposal regulations will not change things because of lead times and delays. The only thing that can be done is to filter the drinking water in your home and the only filtration process that can remove harmful water particulates down to Nanosize is reverse osmosis. Add this situation to the ever-growing list of actual or potential health-compromising items in our drinking water that a functioning reverse osmosis unit can remove. Bottled water is NOT the answer.

We have all heard the cautionary statement “what could possibly go wrong here?” This usually applies to seeing someone standing on the top rung of a ladder, shaving while driving, or repairing an electrical device near a body of water, but not always. I have always had concerns about hack-prone remote control of everything from home appliances, home security systems, and even automobiles. Even worse would be control over the electrical grid or, heaven forbid, a public water system. The latter happened the week of Feb. 7, 2021, in Oldsmar, FL according to a report in today’s edition of Industrial Equipment News.

According to the article, a hacker took control of the chemical treatment process and released excess amounts of sodium hydroxide into the water supply. In properly controlled levels, this chemical is common and harmless and used to raise the water pH to prevent corrosion of the pipes in the distribution system. High levels are toxic and damaging to tissue. Fortunately, a utility employee was viewing the facility online, noticed what was occurring, and blocked his/her efforts.

Had the employee’s attention been diverted or delayed,  this could have been a disaster. Chances are this particular chemical would be noticed by taste or odor at points of use and consumer use minimized. Had it been a different chemical such as a fluoride compound frequently introduced in municipal water supplies, significant human damage could have occurred.

This scenario will probably be repeated more and more frequently as utilities rely heavily on remote control and monitoring to keep labor costs low and give the appearance of being technologically advanced.

What to do?  There’s no substitute for adding a layer of protection in your home — namely, an under-counter reverse osmosis system to provide much safer drinking and cooking water in your home. Properly installed and maintained, these units last for many years, provide peace-of-mind and safe water.

We offer multiple reverse osmosis systems. All provide extra safety with efficient water use and upscale systems can add ultra-high water use efficiency,  alkalinity addition, remineralizing, structured water, crystals, etc., etc.

Historically , the first recorded patent for magnetic water treatment for scale prevention was by a Belgian company in 1945. When you realize what Belgium needed to accomplish to rebuild in 1945, it is easy to conceive of their sense of urgency to keep steam boilers from being destroyed by scale in a country without a surviving chemical industry. In the 1960’s Russia began using magnets for the same application in addition to wound and burn therapy use. In 1964 Charles Sanderson founded Superior Water Conditioners in Ft. Wayne, IN devoted to designing, testing and producing magnetic scale prevention units. His endeavor is probably the first in the US to employ this technology.

The start of this technology was difficult. First, the effects on the water were not totally understood, so sales depended on testimonials and the process referred to as a phenomenon. Secondly, as it is today, the hardness scale prevention industry was dependent on people and companies promoting salt-based ion exchange resins and unwilling or unable to grasp an alternate technology that eliminates chemicals, electricity, and wastewater to drain, and service life-shortening moving parts. The unknown is the impact brought on trade associations and lobbyists by salt, resin, and valve companies protecting their markets and investments.

Through the efforts of universities and their extensive laboratories, the performance of the magnetic water treatment for scale prevention has moved from being a phenomenon to understanding that the magnetic field creates a hardness crystal called Aragonite. It forms this because a tiny percentage of water is always dissociating – hydrogen (proton) leaving and forming H3O or hydronium – and the energy imparted to the water by the magnet causes the percentage of hydronium to increase dramatically. Water missing the hydrogen reacts differently with calcium bicarbonate (calcium hardness) than does water with full hydrogen in the size, shape, and texture of calcium carbonate crystals formed as evidenced in electron microscope photos. All crystals are void of charge so they won’t adhere to metals, however, the aragonite form is softer and is easily flushed through plumbing. No magic and no mystery.

The performance relative to scale prevention is directly proportional to magnetic field strength and speed of water through alternating magnetic fields. To this end, we are developing a series of HIGH-T magnetic chambers for our line of catalytic/magnetic nonchemical scale prevention devices — ESF, AQUAFER, MAXI-CURE–as well as new yet-to-be-released devices. The T stands for Tesla which is used as a unit of measurement in strong magnetic fields. When water speed and alternating magnetic fields are thought through, it becomes apparent that an induced electrical field is generated which in turn is the energy needed to remove some hydrogen from water molecules not totally unlike hydrolysis.

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Zeolite has a long history in the water treatment industry dating back to 1925 when Bill Lindsay started a company to build water softeners for homes and businesses. His efforts attracted the attention of Emmitt Culligan about a decade later and a second manufacturer was founded. Both companies exist and thrive to this day, although the zeolite then used has been replaced with a synthetic material called ion exchange resin.

Zeolite is a name applied to a huge number of extremely porous natural minerals mined in a number of worldwide locations. All have in common aluminum and silicates and because of their porosity they all absorb water along with the minerals contained within the water. Unique to the chemistry of each the species of Zeolite, they attract and cling to the positively charged (cationic) minerals in the water with varying degrees of hold (affinity). So a particular species can hold calcium (hardness) and release it when flooded with sodium (salt) thus permitting its use as a water softening agent.

The water softening ability of zeolite has been surpassed by the synthetic ion exchange resins first popularized in Germany in about 1936. The synthetic version is made of roughly 90% styrene and 10% divinylbenzene with about 10 national and international manufacturers maintaining uniform performance and competitive prices. The popularity of zeolite for other than water treatment is so high in the chemical and other industries that they too are being produced synthetically to absorb particular molecular sizes for distillation and waste remediation processes. They are extremely robust and chemically inert compared to the ion exchange resins. Within the water treatment industry one particular species, clinoptilolite, is extremely popular for filtration applications because its irregular shape creates a tortuous path for particulates and its cationic charge attracts extremely fine particulates.

It is an acknowledged fact that all humans are the product of what they eat, drink, and breathe. Because food sources, whether plant or animal, are dependent upon water for their existence, water is critical to 2 of the three. Expanding water’s role even more into the breathing realm by considering things such as the aerosol release of viruses and bacteria causing disease spread as in legionnaires disease, water truly impacts our survival at all levels. There is a fixed amount of water on earth as determined by the first law of thermodynamics and it will exist as liquid, solid, or vapor and constantly change between the three. Though much of the water is unusable for sustaining life because of its present chemistry, this can be permanently or temporarily changed by technology.

Where is the investment in intellect and money to more readily and economically provide a more reliable source of usable water through technology? A close examination of business and investment news indicates that much if not most of the investment oxygen in the room is being sucked up by medical, communication, and social media enterprises. One is noble and the others are hardly earth moving in their worth.

Development of Usable Water

Out of necessity, advanced nations in arid areas fine-tune membrane technology (incremental development) of almost 60-year-old technology. The best-known name in the US water industry has little or no R&D and derives most income from a basic technology dating to 1936. Another major international company seemingly exists to provide components to support the 1936 technology. Most recently a huge investment was made by a company staffed by brilliant scientists. Their product is yet another source of materials for the 1936 technology.

Until the world hits a total scarcity of usable water and crisis prevails, apparently private and public investment will continue to be siphoned off elsewhere. A clone of Elon Musk or Steve Jobs is desperately needed as visionaries more so than hardcore investors. Many companies, including ours, have products in stages from idea to embryonic, to proof of concept to field sampled that lie fallow for want of investment and professional guidance.

Perhaps prospects will change when the critical needs of water are severely challenged.

Where have the engineers gone? The canon of ethics for engineers would indicate a closer look at water softener application is in order.

We see specifications calling for salt using water softeners that quite frankly do not make sense. The cost to the facility owner can easily be in the $50,000 range and higher when installation and space costs are included. Additionally, thousands of dollars will be spent annually for salt and maintenance. In a competitive industry with a saturated room supply in some areas, these extra CAPEX and OPEX costs are an unfair burden.

Let’s look at the process:

First, why treat the water? Unless the source water is extremely hard (15 grains per gallon or more), treatment is probably to protect the facility from hard water scale that plugs pipes, ruins plumbing fixtures, shortens water heater/boiler life and causes laundry problems. If over 15 grains there may be a case to soften the water for guest comfort in upscale facilities although negative guest comments about “slippery feel” are not uncommon. A truly wasteful and costly habit is to treat all water in a facility when, if treatment is warranted, treating only water to the hot side is the only benefit to the owner. This would reduce all costs by 50% or more.

Next let’s look at the chemistry. Total hardness consists of two primary components — calcium (temporary) and magnesium (permanent) hardness. The damaging hardness is the calcium which drops out of solution and becomes scale when heat is applied. So, treating total hardness is really a waste of regeneration salt and water in this application. The chance of the calcium hardness component being an issue at all is based on three other factors— the presence and level of bicarbonate alkalinity, the pH and the application water temperature. These numbers combine in an equation to develop a unitless number referred to as the Langeliers Saturation Index or LSI. If the number is positive, treatment is warranted if negative, treatment, especially expensive softening, is in a word useless. Therefore, recommending a water softener without full knowledge of the water chemistry is unethical and unfortunately done all too often.

Lastly, even if treatment warranted for scale prevention, why an overpriced, space wasting softener that needlessly dumps high chloride brine and wasted water to drain? Many communities in a number of states and countries are banning their use which could mean illegal installation or possibly a post installation order to not use. A viable alternative is a commercial ESF (Enviro Scale Free) unit by Dime Water, Inc. 1/20th or less space required, typically 70% lower cost, no salt or chemicals, no electricity and historically a 15+ year life without service or repairs.

In a previous blog, I indicated the apparent lack of a university or government published a study on the efficacy of using irrigation water exposed to a magnetic field for improved crop yields and/or the reduced amount of water required. Such studies regarding magnetic water treatment do exist.

In a controlled test by the University of Western Sydney Australia, Richmond Campus conducted in 2007 and 2008 showed a comparative crop yield increase of 23% while simultaneously reducing water use by 24% on 3,000 PPM (5.8 ms/m electrical conductivity) water. The crop was a high water requiring celery and the dates coincided with terrible drought conditions in Australia. Duplicate tests were run on tap water, recycled wastewater, and water with TDS values of 500, 1000, and 1500 PPM. The TDS values were closely controlled and monitored after injection of sodium chloride – salt. Of particular interest was the test yields and water use reduction were better the higher the TDS and the resulting water conductivity.

Looking at a section of pipe with relatively high conductivity water going through it and surrounded by an axially oriented north-south field should remind us of a wire exposed to a moving magnetic field i.e. a simple generator putting out an alternating electrical current similar in principle to the early days of Tesla and Westinghouse in their contest with Edison.

Other than empirical results on effectiveness, there seems to be little or no information on why it works. Studies on human cells (and can they be correlated to plant cells) conducted by Dr. William Pawluk, MD, MS (not to be confused with Gerald H. Pollack, Ph.D. whom we often quote in our structured water documents) point to improved cell cleansing and nutrition when water that is treated by magnetic water treatment is provided to either the body or the drinking water. He refers to the magnetic energy imparted as PEMF or pulsating electromagnetic forces. His online information is quite convincing as are his educational and experience credentials.

Magnetic water treatment is provided by the following Dime Water products:

• ESF
• ESF PLUS
• Maxi-Cure
• Maxi-Cure PLUS
• AQUAFER  – Treated water for less than $1 a day.
• AQUAFER PLUS

For over 20 years, Dime Water has been constructing nonchemical water treatment equipment. We have utilized very powerful Neodymium rare earth magnets to cause particles in the water to cling to one another (agglomerate) for particle life extension or filtration. I have personally dismissed the thought that a magnetic field could, in addition, react on the water itself. I believe that I have been in error.

Magnetized Water Testing

A recent summary of tests conducted to determine patient benefits for diabetes control related to drinking water exposed to a strong magnetic field or “magnetized water” showed positive results. Albeit animal studies under close clinical controls, such research often finds its way into what we call mainstream or western medicine and pharmacology. The summary states “it is suggested that the long-term intake of magnetized water over 8 weeks may be beneficial in both prevention and treatment of complications in diabetic patients”.
The study can be found online at www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PCM3572224/
Magnetism apparently acts as an antioxidant and further in the report improvements to liver function and oral health are mentioned as are hexagonal structure clusters of water molecules.

Magnetic Water Usage

Magnetic fields have been used for decades in countries such as Russia to accelerate wound and burn healing via increased blood flow. This is intuitively understandable given the iron prevalence in human blood. The FDA has now approved devices for such uses and their benefits. The phenomenon of magnetized water has been promoted for many years for enhancement of irrigation water with claims for increased crop yields, larger plants, and less water required. Empirical data support the claims, but controlled tests are scarce.
For reference the following Dime Water products contain strong magnetic fields that plausibly have these additional consumer benefits:

• ESF
• ESF PLUS
• AQUAFER – Treated water for less than $1 a day.
• AQUAFER-AC
• AQUAFER PLUS
• MAXI-CURE
• MAXI-CURE PLUS
• STRUCTURED WATER R.0.

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One of the most important elements dissolved in water used to irrigate cannabis plants (and others as seen in the chart below) is Boron.

Too little or too much will cause severe withering and discoloration of a plant which severely reduces monetary value. The typically expressed range is from 0.05 to 0.5 mg/l in the irrigation water.

Boron in excessive amounts in well water sources is found in the US particularly in California, Russia, and Turkey. It is also found in membrane desalinated seawater throughout the world.

lf too low or absent, a simple, cost-effective “fix” is to mix a small amount of very soluble boric acid crystals (H3BO3) in water and feed it into the irrigation stream with an inexpensive chemical feed pump. Because of common consumer uses of boric acid such as a laundry aid or a foot bath, boric acid is available in drug stores, supermarkets, and, of course, online.

If too high (above 0.5 mg/l) it must be reduced. One would think that reverse osmosis would be the ideal solution. It is not. Reverse osmosis doesn’t reduce dissolved solids by forcing water through microscopic holes in the membrane, but instead by repelling charges between the membrane and the element (ion) in solution. Boron has no discernible charge so it passes through membranes. Even high-pressure seawater membranes allow too much through. Seawater can contain 5 PPM or more boron.

The removal is best accomplished using an extremely rare and expensive resin that is uniquely capable of being selective to boron and not blinded by other elements in the water. This feature permits minimal and relatively inexpensive pretreatment. The resin must be stripped of the boron with hydrochloric acid (HCl) and then returned to a boron removal state with sodium hydroxide(NaOH). The use of these chemicals in a sequential pattern necessitates special materials of construction and very unique controls for safety and efficacy.

Boron upper levels to minimize toxic sensitivity in mg/l*

<0.5 blackberry, cannabis

0.5-1 peach, cherry, plumb, grape, onion, garlic, sweet potato, wheat, barley, sunflower, strawberry

1-2 red pepper, pea, carrot, radish, potato, cucumber

2-4 lettuce, cabbage, celery, turnip, oat, corn, artichoke, tobacco, mustard squash

4-6 Tomato, alfalfa, parsley, sugar-beet

6-14 asparagus

* Information provided by the Australian Department of Agriculture

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More and more frequently we see engineering input taking place in the medical field from robotic surgical machines to placing magnetically guided medicine filled vessels placed in the bloodstream to continually sending patient health status to a computer armed with Artificial Intelligence. Recently our company received a patent status for a system to treat water for Hemodialysis units.

In the last few years, we have applied our engineering skills to obtaining more healthful food. The sayings are “you are what you eat” and “food is medicine”. With an ever-growing percentage of people realizing this and putting family health into their own hands by growing their own nutritious vegetables in home gardens. We are aware of this and offer two products to make these foods even better. They are our GUARD’N GROW and ESF.

The GUARD’N GROW unit truly guards and improves plants. All edible plants deliver vitamins and minerals through consumption. These nutrients get into the plant via water. An important step in the process involves the minerals converting from their inorganic to organic forms making them more bioavailable to the plant and ultimately to the consumer. This is accomplished by the reaction of the nutrients in the soil with a host of living organisms also in the soil. Kill these organisms and both the plant and the consumer are robbed of nutrition. If watered with water containing chlorine which is found in 99% of municipal supplies, a percentage of the organisms dies with each watering. The GUARD’N GROW removes this damaging chlorine PLUS it removes trace heavy metals that could find their way into the food PLUS it acts as a biocide to kill unwanted bacteria in the source water. NOTHING is added to the water. This is a hose-end product that will treat up to 25,000 gallons. Refills and commercial systems are available.

As mentioned, water is the vehicle to get nutrients into the plant. The easier we make it for a plant to absorb the water, the more robust and nutritious the plant becomes. This can be accomplished by passing the water through our ESF unit. The ESF reduces the surface tension of water allowing it to travel more deeply and effectively into a plant. This is done via a catalytic/magnetic process that has no moving parts, no replacement cartridges and has a demonstrated service free life of over 20 years.

Never ones to stop improving and inventing, we are developing yet another product to enhance garden plants for greater size and nutrition. It will provide STRUCTURED WATER.

ccording to the CDC website, as of April 3, 2020, there has been no report of COVID-19 being in a drinking water source. This particular virus went from being known and understood by a segment of the scientific community to general awareness in about 60 days. There is no direct statement by the CDC that the COVID-19 virus can be transmitted via drinking water, but they do state that filtration and disinfection chemical processes used by most municipal water systems should remove or inactivate the virus. Words like most and should are not particularly reassuring. Intuitively, if any of these particular viruses exist in the water, danger would exist via inhalation or facial and oral exposures.

The entrance of the virus into the water seems to be via incompletely treated sewerage being discharged into bodies of water that are ultimately used as drinking water sources. The sewerage has the virus present because it has recently been found in human stool samples. I would assume leachate from septic systems and land fill disposal sites containing diapers could also be sources. These sources will quite possibly remain active after the face-to-face transmission has subsided.

For protection at the entrance to a facility (POE) there are options such as adding extra chlorine with a properly sized retention tank or as a convenient alternative a properly sized Ultra Violet (UV) system matched with a 5 micron or finer cartridge filter. For protection where water for drinking and cooking is obtained (POU) a reverse osmosis unit paired with a small UV light is the approach to take.

Ozone systems can also be adapted for POE and POU applications.

Before committing to any company or individual for treatment of water for this virus or any related water issues, be certain that you are working with knowledgeable people that have a long history and an interest in your wellbeing.

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For over a century people knowledgeable about water and its critical importance to health and longevity have sought the perfect water which was referred to as STRUCTURED WATER. It can now be produced in homes or offices thanks to scientific work at the University of Washington and work done in Dime Water’s laboratory. It is a truly natural process of incorporating special surface areas, inert hyper hydrophilicity materials, infrared energy and multiple vortices. Nothing is added to the water.

This results in columns of hexagonal arrayed water molecules which are denser than untreated water, more viscous, have less hydrogen and a slightly elevated pH.

Some experiments indicate Structured Water replicates intercellular water closely thus being more bio-compatible. The model SW105 STRUCTURED WATER cell is shown here attached to the side of an under the sink kitchen cupboard and being fed by cold water from a supply valve that we in-clude. The treated water out of the top goes to a drinking/cooking water faucet mounted on or adjacent to the sink. The small (6 watt) power supply enhances the infrared energy. The compact size of 8”H x 6”W x 5”D permits installation in virtually all applications. Structured water on tap 24/7. No maintenance or replacement cartridges ever. For an approximately 25% improvement in quality add this cell to the faucet line from an existing under counter reverse osmosis unit.

The ultimate in treated drinking water is available in our compact under counter system Model Structured Water Cell R.O. This unit provides up to 100 gallons daily of treated water. 75% water efficiency (3 gal treated:1 gallon drain).

Processes include:
– Initial filtration to 5 micron
– Biocidal contact filtration
– Chlorine removal
– Heavy metals removal
– Chloramines removal
– Filtration to 0.002 micron
– 96.5% dissolved elements removal
– Magnetic field
– Hematite / crystals
– Catalytic Carbon
– STRUCTURED WATER

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Extra Clean Laundry Without Soaps or Detergents?

First, the history of ozone laundry treatment. Commercial launderers, like phs BeSafe (https://www.phsbesafe.co.uk/), have always had their services required by multiple industries – from hotels to construction companies – so they are always looking for ways to improve their efficiency and ways to keep their costs down. This is why years ago commercial launderers began cleaning huge loads of laundry from homes, hotels, hospitals, motels and other sources without soaps and detergents and also without hot water. Not only did they save huge amounts of money on cleaning products but energy costs plummeted when water heaters were turned off. This inexpensive, reliable technology is now available to homeowners.

Their “secret” is to add nature’s OZONE laundry treatment to COLD WATER.

Ozone is activated oxygen which is naturally produced during thunderstorms and gives the air that clean, fresh smell after the storm passes. Not a chemical, but nature’s own cleaning agent. Ozone is 3,000 times more powerful than household chlorine bleach in killing microorganisms, does not bleach out colors and actually disappears minutes after it does its work by reverting to oxygen.

Not only are odor-causing and dangerous bacteria killed by the ozone, but the ozone laundry treatment breaks down soiling and staining materials into hydrogen and carbon compounds that flush away without a trace, leaving even the most soiled fabrics clean and bright. Harsh chemicals and perfumes from detergents are eliminated which is healthier and improves fabric life. Fabrics smell clean because they are clean and not just masked with detergent perfume additives.

For home use, a small wall-mounted box is provided. The cold water line goes to it and then from it to the washing machine. Inside the box, air is passed through a manmade lightning bolt called a corona discharge which changes the oxygen in the air to ozone. Coldwater is used because it accepts and holds more ozone than hot water. These units are historically reliable requiring no maintenance or servicing. However, your washing machine might need regular maintenance and repair to prevent failure. In case of any breakdown, you can call a Washing Machine Repair company that can help in the quick fixation of your appliance.

Protect your family from unhealthy chemicals found in most detergents, have brighter, bacteria-free fabrics, save heater operating costs and forever forget buying more detergent with ozone laundry treatment.

Water Powered Cars – Water Fuels or Electric?

Few people dispute the need to severely limit or eliminate the pollution and greenhouse gasses caused by automobiles and trucks burning gasoline as a fuel. The popular alternative is plug-in electric vehicles using the electric grid to recharge batteries. Before going completely down that path, let’s view some government published numbers:
The US consumes 142 billion gallons of gasoline yearly for transportation use
The energy content of gasoline is 114,000 BTU per gallon
1 KILOWATT (kW) = 3,412 BTU
The total energy currently available to the US electrical grid is 1.1 million MEGAWATTS (1,100 GIGAWATTS)
The percentage of energy in gasoline that is actually used to power an automobile is 12-30%. Consider 21% as a generous average with the balance escaping as heat.
Plug-in electric cars convert 59-61% of grid power (60% average) of consumed power to propulsion use

Are Hydrogen Fuel Cells The Answer?

By crunching these numbers we see that conversion of all gasoline vehicles to plug-in electric would require 1,660,550,996,483 kW or 1,660 million MEGAWATTS. A ridiculous increase in required electrical consumption to the point that full transition can’t even be considered.
The conversion to electrical vehicles is environmentally excellent but it will ultimately require an onboard electrical source rather than impractical drawing from the grid. A logical source is membrane-based HYDROGEN FUEL CELLS that produces electricity by combining hydrogen and oxygen. The major auto manufacturers have been building and testing such vehicles for years but they rely on high-pressure hydrogen canisters for fuel and hydrogen tank refill stations.
We feel a better approach is to produce the hydrogen in the vehicle by electrolysis of water. The prolific inventor Bill Lear of Learjet fame promoted this idea in 1965 and referred to the water as Leardyne. Improvements in technologies should address freezing and onboard water treatment issues and make the entire process “CARS POWERED BY WATER” viable. The use of power from the grid doesn’t eliminate the spewing of contaminants into the atmosphere it simply increases it around electrical generation facilities.

To begin this discussion it helps if we first understand hard water. It was a term coined in the early 1800s by machinists trying to mix soap into water to be used as a coolant for drilling or lathe turning metal parts. When the soap wouldn’t readily dissolve in the water they referred to the water as being hard to mix and subsequently hard water. The problem went away when using water from certain streams and rivers and ultimately chemists determined the difference between acceptable water and hard water was the presence of calcium and bicarbonate alkalinity in the hard water and absent or in diminished quantity in the good water. With the opposite of hard being soft the term soft water was born. It was soon learned as industries developed that the hardness components in the water not only caused interference with soap but also interfered with food and chemical processing, caused boilers to explode because of scale formed as the calcium compounds dropped out of solution, plugged water pipes for the same reason and, of course, laundry problems, leading to people looking for a plumbing company near them who would be able to come out and fix the issues they were having.

The 100 Year Old Technology

Over a period of 100+ years, many processes were developed to overcome the hard water problems. Eventually, a natural mined mineral Zeolite was selected and soon followed by synthetic zeolite (currently called resin) which to this day is found in virtually all devices called water softeners. The water softeners using this now nearly 100-year-old technology remove the calcium along with magnesium and some other positively charged ions BUT they are replaced with Sodium and in some cases Potassium which must be replenished with bags of sodium chloride or potassium chloride. The definition of soft or more appropriately softened water is water with calcium removed and replaced with sodium or potassium. The softening process entails equipment that has numerous moving parts requiring occasional servicing, needs electricity, needs replenishment of salt, and of most importance discharges a relatively high volume of water to drain that is laden with salt.

Hard water’s high mineralization content can result in rock-hard, chalky limescale inside pipes. The longer hard water is allowed to flow through pipes, the thicker the build-up becomes. This can reduce the flow of water through your pipes and can cause clogs. If you continue to allow hard water to flow through your pipes, the blockages may worsen. Installing a water softening system may prevent your pipes from clogging further due to the hard water residue scale. As softer water runs through your pipes on a regular basis, the limescale might gradually begin to dissolve. In fact, a master plumber may use soft water to clear clogged pipes because it might leach heavy metals from pipes and appliances.

Soft Water Without Waste

Because of the discharge of salty water to drain and the high cost of service, alternatives to the salt-based softeners are dramatically increasing in popularity. There is absolutely no reason to remove a desirable electrolyte such as calcium from the water if the calcium and alkalinity can be brought together as water enters the home to form microscopic particles of hardness that flow through the plumbing system without attaching to water heaters, plumbing fixtures or pipes and will not interfere with cleaning products. But when it comes to having salt in water, it might affect the plumbing system. Salt can remain in the system for an extended period, either dissolved in saltwater or as salt crystals themselves. Salt might react with the lining of the pipes and cause them to corrode. If that is the case, it might require the assistance of Lynchburg plumbing services or plumbing services offered at any other place. And hence, need to be fixed as soon as possible so that the rest of the pipes are not affected. This is the reason, we offer a number of products based on the contemporary technology that uses no chemicals or salt, discharges no water to drain, uses no electricity and has no moving parts. The Aquafer offers treated water for less than $1 a day.
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It should be no surprise that because it is at least 92% water, beer brewing requires proper water treatment. Brewers need a particular setup, let’s explore what brewers need for their best beer.

At bare minimum chlorine must be removed because of its impact on the brewing process as well as potential taste issues. Additionally, attention must be given to the probable presence of chloramines which are present in most municipal supplies and are mostly not removed by traditional activated carbon filtration. Special highly reactive carbons often referred to as surface enhanced or catalytic carbons are essential for brewers to properly remove the common disinfectants and their byproducts from the water.

The above is a good beginning for the brew master but with the increasing market for specialty beers it’s only a beginning. As businesses in the West tried and failed in preparing New York pizza soon learned “it’s in the water stupid” so have brewing purists learned the same lesson. The answer is to remove most of the elements dissolved in the water with reverse osmosis and then either by blending or mineral feed or a combination of the two reconstitute the water to precisely what’s needed for that special, consistent brew. Because the effort is often made to replicate an old-world product we refer to the treated water as being indigenous.

Special care must be taken when utilizing sources from surface sources– rivers, lakes, reservoirs, etc. Unusual strains of bacteria and pH issues appear and can be problematic. The first step of treatment is an ultraviolet system to inactivate the microorganisms in the water without adding chemicals. This has the benefit of being safer for brewery workers, but it’s important for workers to still wear PPE when coming into contact with the water. Gloves from a site like unigloves.co.uk/ are essential to avoid cross-contamination and bacterial transmission. Hands often carry large amounts of bacteria picked up from dirty surfaces, but staying gloved up helps to keep the water clean.

Although instances of contamination are rare, it’s vital that rogue microorganisms are eliminated to protect the brewing process. To do this without using chemicals, an UltraViolet system must be utilized. The photon energy from the lamp disrupts the organism’s DNA effectively killing it. If the pH is too low either carefully selected buffering sacrificial minerals or a mineral feed system will need to be employed.

Tombstone Brewing Company

Tombstone Brewing Company needed the right water purification system for their brewing needs. After exploring a variety of water purification systems, they decided to use Dimewater.

Find out how we helped them with our case study.

Not sure what kind of system you need? Let’s discuss your specific needs to find the right solution for you.

Vibrant Crystal is an under counter home reverse osmosis system. This is undoubtedly the most complete drinking water system available.

The story behind the product

We have a passion for water and are avid readers of the writings of geniuses in the fields of hydration, structuring, and chemistry such as Viktor Schauberger, F. Batmanghelidj, W.D. Holloway, M. J. Pangman, Dr. G. Pollack and many others. Their writings tell us to strip our water of everything including negative messages and then add bioavailable electrolytes for alkalinity and pH elevation before structuring and implanting new good messages. That we have accomplished with the following:

Product description and processes

– 5-micron filtration. First stage particulate filtration.
– Dual biocidal media cartridge for removal of chlorine, chloramines, organics and trace heavy metals.
– Special non-electric pump to increase the production and quality of the RO water and prevent storage quality loss.
– Custom reverse osmosis membrane. Eliminates 96% of everything dissolved in the water and filter to 0.0002u.
– Special non-electric pump to increase the production and quality of the RO water and prevent storage quality loss.
– Custom material to add carbonic acid to water. NOT a D.I. mixed resin. It further reduces water TDS.
– Addition of magnesium bicarbonate and molecular hydrogen to the water for alkalinity and pH elevation.
– Passage through multi neodymium magnetic fields to replicate passage through Earth’s magnetic fields.
– Storage in an inert bladder backed by air pressure to assure forceful faucet delivery.
– Cascading flow through a vortex chamber to erase negative messages.
– Flow-through hematite and selected crystals to impart positive energy frequencies.
– Final polish through special coconut based carbon for exquisite taste.
– Water quality meter and pressure gauge built-in.

Specifications

– Daily water production — 100 gallons based on <500 PPM water at 77 Deg. F
– Treated water storage — 2.6 gallons. 4.4 gallon nominal tank size
– Dimensions — Unit 19”H. x 16”W. x 5-1/2”D. Takes same space as traditional. Tank 11”D. x 14”H.
– Included items — 100% tested unit, tank, faucet, inlet valve with adapter, drain fittings, tubing, instructions
– Water pressure — 40 PSI min. / 85 PSI max.
– Water temperature — 100 Deg. F max.
– UPS / FedEx shippable — Yes. Single carton 30 lbs

WE INVITE YOU TO REVIEW OUR NO-CHEMICAL, NO SALT, NO DRAIN, NO ELECTRICITY WHOLE HOME AQUAFER TREATMENT UNITS FOR CHLORINE, CHLORAMINES AND HEAVY METALS REDUCTION AS WELL AS SCALE PREVENTION TO PROTECT PLUMBING.  VIBRANT CRYSTAL COULD BE PERFECT FOR YOU.  THE AQUAFER OFFERS TREATED WATER FOR LESS THAN $1 A DAY.

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When it comes to water filtration few systems are as effective as a reverse osmosis or RO system. With the ability to filter out organic and chemical contaminants down to the smallest micron, an RO system has the ability to provide the highest quality clean water. But, what is the secret to RO water purifier success? Easy, it’s the membranes.

The RO Membrane is the key feature in every reverse osmosis systems. The membrane is made of an extremely thin plastic sheet material that gets added to other permeable plastic sheets. Together, these sheets include a membrane support layer, a feed spacer, a permeate (or treated water carrier) and finally the outer wrap. They wrap themselves around a perforated product/permeate tube and function together.  The entire assembly becomes the RO element which houses the membrane and produces purified water.

Physicists, physical chemists and polymer chemists best explain how the RO Membrane works.  A simple explanation is: “the RO Membrane blocks contaminants that pass through the membrane under pressure and dissolve.  The membrane stops between 10% to 99.99% of dissolved particulates depending on applied pressures and the specific desired filtration needs of the users.

While a hearty workhorse, the RO Membrane is quite fragile. The membrane is protected by:

• Chlorine
• pH extremes
• high temperature
• hard water scale
• organics
• microbiology
• iron
• manganese
• dirt and silt

To avoid issues with an RO system, customers need to work with reputable companies and manufacturers. Dime Water not only sells the best products but knows exactly how to service these products to assure years of reliable use. Dime Water assures that our systems include the proper pretreatments and utilizes RO Membranes specifically designed to do the right job while lasting as long as possible.

Having clean water isn’t enough when it comes to home use. A water filtration system will give people clean water, but that water can still have elements that make it hard for other uses. Hard water is still safe to drink, but not all that tasty and very difficult to clean with. Enter the water softener experts like Silkflow.

The water softener that we know and use today was first started in the1940’s. As technology improved–major changes in non-corrosive materials, meters, timer electronics, etc.-so too did the function and reliability of water softeners.

A water softener is a device that utilizes either sodium chloride (salt) or potassium chloride (also salt) to remove calcium and magnesium from water, replacing them with either sodium or potassium. The softening process is also effective at removing iron, manganese and other metals. The end result is softened water without all the hard minerals.

Water can have little to no naturally occurring calcium or magnesium present and sometimes it needs to be removed by an exterior process. These processes can include membranes, EDI, or CDI. It will still be soft water, even if those minerals are replenished.

Softened water does well with multiple applications and reacts better with soaps, shampoos and detergents than hard water. An added bonus is the elimination of the dreaded bathtub ring. Also, it prevents mineral scale formation in pipes and faucets. There are lots of benefits of softened water compared to hard water, but you can get some help from aquariuswaterconditioning.com if you’d like to learn more.

Vibrant Water manufactures a complete line of water softeners for commercial and home use. Small homes, large hotels, motels, hospitals and factories-Vibrant Water has the perfect water softener to suit all needs.

Through our advanced processes, our systems minimize the wastewater created as well as the salt needed for softening. The waste stream from a water softener typically contains chlorides, however, the EPA frowns on that process. In accordance with that regulation, some water districts will not install these. Drought-prone areas also impose limits on their use. To overcome these restrictions, Dime Water offers a wide variety of systems that use no salt or safer chemicals and with minimal waste water.

Dime Water has the right system for any water softening needs.

When a customer wants the best water for their business or home, they will do their homework to find what they need. However, when looking at the concept of “the best” some confusion arises. It’s very difficult to determine what exactly a customer wants when they say they want the best. How does a business respond to such a request? Is the customer referring to the price, final water quality, the quantity of purified water produced or the number of treatment steps? What exactly does the customer mean when they want “the best”?

There are many good purifiers, most of which meet the above requirements, but the true test of quality is a filter system that delivers consistently through years. Our core belief is the best water purifier is the one that meets exact customer needs and will continue to do so reliably for years.

Let’s review some of the definitions for best:

• Price. Many manufacturers sell systems with Imported components and inexperienced assemblers.  After utilizing all tactics to drive down the price, the post-sale service is near obsolete.  The customer can be left with cheap, substandard systems that won’t last for any amount of time.
• Smaller unit.  Some manufacturers sell customers on the fast, smaller units.  However, in the long run, these fail to keep up with the water demand.
• Missing or improper pretreatment. Sub-standard and cheaply made systems will add up in costs and deliver questionable quality as RO system membranes will need constant cleaning or replacement.
• Out of spec water quality. If the system is built incorrectly or without the right specs, the water quality will suffer.
• Downtime.  How will the customer meet their water needs when the system is out for repair?

To get the best water purifier, it is imperative to work with the best manufacturer. A quality manufacturer will have the best value for the dollar.  They will provide quality equipment and systems that will give proven results over the years. In the off chance something breaks, they will have the skills and support to get the system up and running as quickly as possible.

DRO-100 RO Systems

The use of the words “RO Systems Water Purifier” often appears in written and verbal requests from residential and commercial customers seeking better water for their home or business. Such wording is an excellent place to begin the discussion about the final customer needs because the RO water purifier will:

• Filter water to a particulate size down to 0.002 microns or smaller. This is 1/38,000^th of a human hair and can prevent the passage of bacteria, viruses, and cysts.
• Remove up to 99.9% of everything dissolved in water including minerals, metals, radioactive materials and pharmaceuticals.

This creates water that is well on its way to becoming pure. Most systems designated as RO water purifiers also incorporate other filtration steps to protect the RO membrane and further purify the water by removing gas phase items such as chlorine and chloramines. Also, filters remove volatile organics such as insecticides and pesticides and often ultraviolet light is added for safety from any living organisms.

Pure has a broad definition of water that doesn’t leave spots on dishes to water that can be used to prepare medicines and beyond. RO water purifier thus can evolve with RO being the primary process into 10 or more filtration steps to meet customer needs.

It’s very difficult to respond to a customer requesting the best water filter. Are they referring to price, treated water quality, the quantity of water produced, number of treatment steps or what?

We believe that the best water filter is the one that does precisely what the customer needs and will do it reliably for years.

Reviewing some of the definitions for best:

• Price. Imported components, inexperienced assemblers, lack of post-sale service are popular ways to drive prices down but end up being costly
• Smaller unit. Undersized equipment running 24/7 to keep up is a short term savings.
• Missing or improper pre-treatment. Costly early and repeated R.O. membrane cleaning and or replacement
• owntime. What could be more costly than waiting for assistance or parts from a non existing or non knowledgeable customer service?
• Out of spec water quality. Too late. If the system is built wrong, replacement or rebuilding may be the only answer.

The only way to get the best water purifier is to work with a responsive manufacturer staffed with experienced engineers and express your expectations.

The classic definition for a water softener system is a device utilizing either sodium chloride (salt) or potassium chloride (also salt) to remove calcium and magnesium from water and replace them with either sodium or potassium. The result is softened water.

Sometimes water has little or no naturally occurring calcium or magnesium in it or they have been removed by another process such as membranes, EDI, or CDI. Such water is referred to as soft water because calcium and magnesium were not replaced by sodium or potassium.

Water that has been treated with a Water Softener Calgary Services reacts well with soaps, shampoos, and detergents so soap scum such as bathtub ring is eliminated. Additionally, scale formation in pipes and heaters is prevented. The softening process can also be used to remove iron, manganese and other metals under the right water chemistry conditions.

The water softener system as we know it today dates back to the 1940’s with major changes in non-corrosive materials, meters, timer electronics, etc.

Dime Water, Inc. manufactures a complete line of water softeners for applications from small homes through large hotels, motels, hospitals and factories. We employ the very latest in technologies to minimize salt and wastewater use.

Of note, because the waste stream from a water softener contains chlorides this discharge is frowned upon by many utilities due to EPA waste discharge regulations. In fact, some water districts prevent their installation. Drought conditions also impose limits on their use. To overcome these water softener issues Dime Water, Inc. offers an extensive line of systems that use no salt or other chemicals and only in rare cases is there any wastewater.

RO Membranes are the key component in all reverse osmosis systems. The membrane itself is an extremely thin plastic sheet material that is added to other plastic sheets including a membrane support layer, a feed spacer, a permeate (treated water) carrier, and finally an outer wrap. Once these items are wrapped around a perforated product/permeate tube the assembly becomes the RO element which has as its functional component the reverse osmosis membrane.

The exact mechanism of how the RO Membrane works is best explained by physicists, physical chemists, and polymer chemists. A basic explanation of its function is that water passes through under pressure but absolutely everything dissolved in the water is prevented from passage or rejected by the RO Membrane from 10% to 99.99% depending on applied pressures and the specific elements and compounds in the water being treated.

Though a workhorse the RO Membrane is quite fragile and must be protected from damage and plugging from chlorine, pH extremes, high temperature, hard water scale, organics, microbiology, iron, manganese,  dirt, and silt. This highlights the need to work with a company such as Dime Water, Inc. to be assured that your system includes the proper pretreatment and utilizes RO Membranes selected to do the job and last as long as possible.

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Water filtration is an all-inclusive term that can relate to dozens of processes and hundreds of process combinations. To make life easy we encourage you to first consider:

1. How much water will you treat? If less than 200 gallons daily and/or flow rates less than 5 GPM cartridge systems may be viable alternatives to backwashing filters
2. Are utilities available? Is there electrical power and a drain in reasonably close proximity to the installation point. Also, be aware of sewer discharge regulations and costs
3. Handling of chemicals? Weight of regenerating chemicals and treatment location may make chemical use impractical. Also, be aware of toxicity and corrosivity issues. If this is the case it may be beneficial to read an expert guide or install safety measures for this process
4. Physical size and clearances. As examples cartridge replacement requires easy access and removal clearance and UV lamp replacement needs axial clearance for annual lamp replacement
5. Maintenance cost. Generally, the cost goes up with complexity. Automatic valves have parts that wear and break. Multiple units in series require more TLC than a single multi-function unit
6. Wire cloth and industrial wire mesh are two of the most basic yet critical materials used in water treatment. If you are planning to start a water treatment plant or any type of treatment plant, you may want to look into the work of companies like Newark Wire Cloth Company, which can provide both custom and standard products like woven wire mesh

Dime builds all types and sizes of water filtration equipment and wants to help customers get it right.

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Spoiler alert! With clean water, everyone wins.

A new video is benefiting farmers and regulators alike by taking the mystery out of farm inspections.

The U.S. Poultry & Egg Association collaborated with EPA employees to produce a video that demonstrates what poultry and egg farms can expect when EPA or state inspectors come a-knocking.

The 14-minute video, featuring Mark Zolandz (inspector) and Kelly Shenk (ag advisor) from EPA’s Mid-Atlantic Region, helps further the goal of clean rivers and streams, well-managed farms and reverse osmosisbust agricultural industry.

Entitled “Why EPA and States Inspect Farms,” the video promotes a better understanding of the connection between agriculture and clean water.  It includes insights into the inspection process and provides information on assistance available to poultry and egg producers to address water quality issues.

The educational video, filmed on location at a turkey farm in reverse osmosisckingham County, Virginia, outlines possible reasons why a farm may be inspected, how the farmers should prepare for the inspection, and how the inspection will likely be structured.

Runoff from farms is a significant source of pollution in rivers and streams. EPA and the states perform inspections to monitor compliance with regulations to protect water quality.  They also provide funding and technical assistance to help farmers adopt the best clean water management practices to control pollution.

You can check out more on the making of the video at this link.

About the Author: Tom Damm has been with EPA since 2002 and now serves as communications coordinator for the region’s Water Protection Division

Ralph Spagnolo and Ellen Bryson know their way around the state capitals in EPA’s Mid-Atlantic Region. The regional Water Protection Division employees have been on the reverse osmosisad helping states launch an innovative online mapping tool that prioritizes sites for watershed preservation or restoration.

They will be in Dover, Delaware this week to debut the Watershed Resources Registry for state employees and others. In past months, they’ve led registry launches in other states in the region, and when Virginia unveils its version of the tool, it will be a clean sweep in the Mid-Atlantic.

What’s all the fuss about?

Volumes of data and information are entered by federal, state and local agencies and non-profit groups into a user-friendly Geographic Information System (GIS). Using the GIS tool, decision-makers can pinpoint the most appropriate areas for protecting and restoring watershed lands and improving stormwater management. For stormwater management, most companies also use a dedicated inspection tool in addition to GIS technology.

The data fed into the system ranges from soil type, land cover and flood plains to impaired and high-quality streams, protected lands and wetlands inventories. The tool allows users to identify locations, assess and compare potential projects and their environmental impacts, print site maps for field visits, and share information. It also helps to streamline the permitting process and provide transparency in site selection.

The registry is especially useful for developers, natural resource and transportation planners and others who are required to avoid impacting natural areas or to provide mitigation for any unavoidable impacts.

In February, an updated registry was made available to the public. Check it out and see how teams of partners are working to protect watershed lands.

About the Author: Tom Damm has been with EPA since 2002 and now serves as communications coordinator for the region’s Water Protection Division.

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Jeremy Hinton is an eighth-generation Kentucky farmer and concerned with the EPA’s, “Waters of the US” legislation. He and his wife Joanna own Hinton’s Orchard and Farm Market in Hodgenville, Kentucky – the birthplace of Abraham Lincoln. “Our family came to LaRue County the same year that the Lincolns did, but we just stayed a lot longer,” he joked.

Today, Hinton and his wife grow a wide variety of fruits and vegetables which they sell at their two retail markets – one on the farm and one in nearby Elizabethtown. They are able to grow this wide variety thanks to all their up-to-date equipment, which they procure from places like Costex so that they can efficiently grow and provide crops for their shops. They are also actively involved in agritourism, hosting school tours and festivals as well as building their own corn maze. And, as if he doesn’t already have enough to do, Hinton sells crop insurance to farmers in the area. Such farming processes generally require advanced machinery like tractors, mowers, and harvesters. Furthermore, these vehicles often require servicing and maintenance in order to work to their full potential. For example, new farm tractor tires might be required due to the wear and tear caused by overutilization of tractor.

Along with the use of reliable and advanced farm machinery, farmers could also be updated on the various kinds of technology and agriculture software solutions that could help streamline their business further and implement the policies made by the State more effectively. As Hinton also knows firsthand how policies emanating from Washington impact farmers and other small businesses in Kentucky, he might be able to help the locals in this regard. He believes that some of the policies of the previous administration, if gone to fruition, “could have been very detrimental to our business and lots of others.” “There was a good bit of concern about the waters in the US,” he said. Other policies, like the previous administration’s changes to worker protection standards, “could have been very difficult to implement on a farm like ours.”

But the EPA’s regulatory reform efforts under Administrator Scott Pruitt have “increased optimism about the future,” stated Hinton. He also believes that there is a new, more friendly and cooperative attitude at EPA toward farmers – one that appreciates the environmental stewardship they practice day in and day out. As Administrator Pruitt likes to say, farmers are among our nation’s first environmentalists and conservationists and protectors of the waters of the US.

“Our operation, like any farm, wants to do the best that we can to protect our natural resources,” Hinton said. “That’s our livelihood.” He and his wife raise their three children on the farm and hope that someday they will become the next generation of Kentucky farmers.

This week, EPA is recognizing and celebrating National Small Business Week. Small businesses, like the Hinton’s Orchard and Farm Market, are the heart of our nation’s economy. EPA is committed to advancing policies that protect the environment and provide small businesses with the regulatory clarity and certainty they need to thrive and support local communities around the nation.

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Stormwater Runoff Management.

It’s a four-peat.

For the fourth consecutive year, the University of Maryland, College Park has won high honors in EPA’s Campus RainWorks Challenge, a national collegiate competition to design the best ideas for capturing stormwater on campus before it can harm waterways.

A UMD team took second place nationally in the Master Plan category for “The Champion Gateway” project.  The project blends green infrastructure features into a campus entryway and pedestrian corridor adjacent to a proposed light rail system.

Along with providing more aesthetic appeal, the 7.9-acre site design – with its 367 new trees, permeable pavement, bioswales, rain garden, and soil improvements – generates some heady environmental benefits, like:

• A 40 percent increase in the tree canopy and a reduction in stormwater runoff of 44 percent.
• An increase in the permeable surface from 5 to 74 percent.
• The removal of 273 pounds of air pollutants and the sequestering of 20,000 pounds of carbon dioxide – each year.

Green infrastructure allows stormwater to soak in rather than run off hard surfaces with contaminants in tow, flooding local streets and polluting local waters.

Chalking up impressive design numbers and wowing the judges is nothing new for UMD teams in the Campus RainWorks Challenge.

The university won first place awards in 2015 and 2016 for designs to retrofit a five-acre parking lot and to capture and treat stormwater on a seven-acre site next to the campus chapel, and won a second-place award last year for its “(Un)loading Nutrients” design to transform a campus loading dock and adjacent parking lot into a safer pedestrian walkway with 6,660 square feet of plantings and 18 percent less impervious surface.

Dr. Victoria Chanse, a faculty advisor to all four UMD winning teams, said the competition “serves as an ongoing catalyst to encourage universities to develop innovative, sustainable learning landscapes that draw upon collaborations among students and faculty from a diverse set of disciplines.”

Check out more information on how stormwater runoff impacts your community.

by Tom Damm

About the Author: Tom Damm has been with EPA since 2002 and now serves as communications coordinator for the region’s Water Protection Division

Editor’s Note: The views expressed here are intended to explain EPA policy. They do not change anyone’s rights or obligations. You may share this post. However, please do not change the title or the content, or remove EPA’s identity as the author. If you do make substantive changes, please do not attribute the edited title or content to EPA or the author.

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Thank you for helping us better identify the whole house water treatment systems that may best suit your needs. Based on your input we have determined that a combination of the DRO-100HE Plus & the Aquafer are the whole house water treatment systems that are perfect for you. Below is two quick videos explaining the benefits of using the DRO-100HE Plus & The Aquafer.

A member of our team will contact you shortly.

If you would like to speak with a member of our team now you can contact us at (760) 734-5787.

Thank you for helping us better identify the water filtration system that best suits your needs. Based on your input we have determined that the DRO-100HE Plus is the perfect solution for your water filtration needs. Below is a quick video explaining the benefits of using the DRO-100HE Plus. A member of our team will contact you shortly. If you would like to speak with a member of our team now you can contact us at (760) 734-5787

Thank you for helping us better identify the water filtration system that best suits your needs. Based on your input we have determined that the Aquafer is the perfect solution for your water filtration needs. Treated water for less than $1 a day.  Here is a quick video explaining the benefits of using the Aquafer. If you would like to speak with a member of our team now you can contact us at (760) 734-5787.

Across the U.S., there is a growing epidemic of harmful algal blooms – also known as blue-green algae – polluting lakes, rivers and swimming holes, EWG reported this month.

It is unlikely you would let your kids or pets swim in smelly, slime-covered water. But even playing along the shoreline is ill-advised when there is a bloom. This is particularly important advice if you live somewhere like Rock Lake, Ontario where your children are likely to be spending a lot of time near water. Furthermore, if an emergency does happen it’s crucial that you or someone in your group knows first aid. Being prepared to respond to a situation is so important as you can never determine how long an emergency medical response will take to come. If you’d be interested in first aid training, then you could consider a course in Hamilton CPR Training with a dedicated training organization like C2C First Aid & Aquatics Inc. Accordingly, here are the facts you need to know before your family’s lake or beach vacation.

How can I identify a harmful algal bloom?

It can be hard to tell by looking if a pond is full of toxic algae or innocuous plant material. Scientists and public health officials use specialized tests to identify harmful algal blooms and to determine when the risk of algal toxins has passed.

But when pond or lake water looks like green soup, it is likely full of tiny blue-green algae. These organisms are an ancient type of bacteria, called cyanobacteria. They grow wherever there is water.

Unlike other types of bacteria, which can make children and adults sick by infection, cyanobacteria can make people sick through the toxic substances they produce. These cyanotoxins can cause rashes, itching, vomiting, diarrhea, and headaches. In rare cases, water laced with cyanobacteria and their toxins can cause seizures, paralysis, and liver failure, which can kill a human or a pet.

For families with children and pets, it is best to avoid all bodies of water that look green and overgrown. They may contain toxin-producing cyanobacteria.

Tip: Read and follow any posted warnings. If the lake or pond looks green or another strong color such as blue, yellow, or brown, it’s best to avoid it. The water may or may not contain harmful cyanotoxins, but it’s better to err on the side of caution.

Can my children play near a lake or pond with an algal bloom?

When a lake has a harmful algal bloom, cyanotoxins can be found in the water and in algal scum on the shore. Activities like boating and waterskiing, or waves crashing on the beach, can release cyanotoxins into the air above and around contaminated lakes.

Swimming is the most worrisome activity because children and youth might swallow a few gulps of contaminated water. In 2002, a teenage boy died in Wisconsin after swimming in a golf course pond covered with blue-green algae. Such severe poisonings are rare, but children across the United States are at risk from accidental exposures.

Even when they don’t swim in contaminated water, children are especially vulnerable to cyanotoxins. Children might inhale cyanotoxins when playing along the shoreline, boating, or splashing in the water. Small children often put their hands in their mouths – this can be dangerous if they’ve touched algal scum on the shoreline or in the water.

Tip: Just touching the water or playing in the sand next to an algae-filled lake could cause coughing, rashes, and itching in children.

Tip: Warn teens about algal blooms if they are visiting a lake or pond without adult supervision.

What happens if you have accidental contact with toxic algae?

Watch out for symptoms that may seem like the flu or a GI infection. This includes vomiting, diarrhea, coughing, weakness, cramping, and headaches. Symptoms can develop within a few hours of exposure. Seek immediate medical attention if you suspect you or your child has been exposed to a harmful algal bloom. Physicians can report algal poisoning events to state agencies that test water and post warning signs.

Tip: If you think your child has come in contact with an algal bloom, rinse their body with water and make sure they drink plenty of water as soon as possible.

Tip: Pay close attention if your child has unusual symptoms after playing in or on the water. Contact your physician or local Poison Control Center for advice.

Can my family go fishing?

If you are going fishing, it’s best to head to a flowing body of water like a river. Otherwise, choose a lake or pond that isn’t covered in scum, and read local fish advisories.

When cyanotoxin levels are high, you may see dead fish floating in the water. Fish can absorb these poisonous substances, so eating a fish caught in algae-laden water could be like swallowing a spoonful of lake water itself. Cooking fish does not destroy cyanotoxins.

Can my family go camping?

Water purification during camping is key! Boiling water kills cyanobacteria, but does not destroy their harmful toxins. Avoid using such water for cooking or drinking, even if it’s been boiled. Public health agencies recommend avoiding all lake and pond water when it looks cloudy. This includes using it to rinse dishes or bathe. It’s a wise idea to always carry Hand Sanitizer if you do go camping in an area with this toxic water so that if you do happen to come across it and touch it, you can kill as many germs as possible.

How widespread is the problem?

Cyanotoxin poisonings are likely underreported for two reasons: They’re difficult to diagnose and there is no national reporting system. EWG’s analysis found that, since 2010, nearly 300 blooms have been recorded in lakes, rivers, and bays in 48 states, which are displayed in our interactive map.

Some states have their own monitoring programs. In 2015, a New York state pilot program reported 32 cases of algal bloom-associated illnesses for individuals of all ages. The youngest person affected was 2 years old. People affected by cyanotoxins in the New York study experienced rashes, coughing, abdominal pains, nausea and vomiting. No people required hospitalization, but two dogs died.

In recent years, harmful algal blooms have erupted in every state. In 2017 alone, California authorities posted 141 advisory signs near different bodies of water to warn people to avoid them. In 2016, Florida declared a state of emergency in four counties affected by a huge algal bloom.

And harmful algal blooms aren’t just a problem in freshwater – they can also be found in saltwater and brackish water. So, people heading to lakeside cottages with their families or pets should be especially careful. Visiting a cottage with a dog and your kids is meant to be a fun and carefree experience, but algal blooms seem to be getting in the way of that.

Why do toxic algal blooms form?

Toxic algal blooms occur when chemical pollution from farms and other sources runs off into neighboring bodies of water. While algal blooms can happen naturally, the recent spike is indisputably linked to farm pollution. When fertilizer and animal manure runoff into lakes, streams, and bays, fertilizer chemicals like nitrogen and phosphorus can spur the unchecked growth of cyanobacteria.

Algal bloom and children’s health expert Todd Miller, an associate professor at the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee, called algal blooms “a symptom of a larger problem we have with inadequate protections for water resources and improper land management,” in an interview with the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel.

Billions of pounds of fertilizers and manure are applied to farm fields every year. The fields must be carefully managed and protected to keep these chemicals from washing off fields into ponds, lakes, and rivers. Right now, we rely on farmers to voluntarily take steps to stem pollution, but far too many aren’t doing what’s needed. The long-term solution to the toxic algal bloom problem is ensuring that all farming operations meet basic standards of care for water, and stop fertilizer from running off fields.

For more information, visit the Center for Disease Control and Prevention’s resources.

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DRO-100 HE PLUS: a brand new all-inclusive under the counter drinking water system is now available from Dime Water, Inc.

This new system is constructed to not only reduce all known water contaminants by 90% or higher but also adds healthy benefits to the water that you drink. Using reverse osmosis, this new system provides cleaner water for drinking, beverages you prepare such as coffee, tea, and foods, like soup for example.

After the reverse osmosis process, our new system utilizes a custom cartridge that allows three important things to occur to further improve your water.

First, pH levels are adjusted to the alkalinity level you prefer ranging from neutral of 7 to over 8.5 depending on the raw water chemistry.

Second, the vital to life electrolytes calcium and magnesium are added to the water from natural sources as well as enhanced taste.

Finally, the DRO-100 HE PLUS stands apart from other filtrations systems by adding molecular hydrogen to the water as a therapeutic antioxidant. A publication in the 2016 National Institute of Health by Dr. Lei Huang, M.D. talks about the health benefits of cleansing the human body of oxidants at a cellular level. A measurable negative ORP of the treated water confirms the antioxidant properties of our water.

All of this is accomplished with the most efficient recovery of treated water available at 76%. This reduction of wasted water is critical to the environment as is the elimination of plastic bottles now that the water is treated in the home.

And did we mention the super production capacity of the DRO-100 HE PLUS is 100 gallons per day! This virtually guarantees you’ll never run out of this delicious & healthy water.

Have questions about purchasing commercial reverse osmosis filter equipment? As business people, you probably wouldn’t buy or lease a building based only on square footage, a vehicle based totally on length or a computer system focusing exclusively on storage capacity. Knowing reasonable details about each of these examples is the norm for long term useful and satisfactory purchases.

Strangely, all too often commercial reverse osmosis filter units are selected from a catalog or on-line provider based solely on how much water it can produce in a day. A few purchasers get lucky but the vast majority come up short on desired water quality, excessive maintenance, poor after-sale assistance and yes, even insufficiently treated water volume for the day.

To design and construct reverse osmosis equipment to meet customer’s needs at a competitive price Dime Water, Inc. processes all inquiries through experienced engineers that listen intently to all application requirements and then feed this information along with water chemistry data as well as ambient conditions into one or more computerized design programs. The result is systems that meet YOUR needs without fail.

In the event that you have acquired a reverse osmosis system after intensive research from a reputed supplier, you may require us to hire moving companies sparks nv (or wherever you live) to transport it to your business location. These companies will be able to assist you in safely and easily transporting your machines.

Prior to that, it seems critical to find an appropriate system for your business. If you are not asked about your treated water quality expectations, raw water source, job site location, storage volume, available space, and power along with control requirements you are in danger of not getting what you need.

If you are in the market for water treatment equipment whether a commercial or industrial reverse osmosis system, filter, softener, deionized or any other process contact us and let us put our decades of experience to work for you.

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There’s nothing you can buy to treat the water in your home that can do as much for you as the Aquafer Water Conditioner System. Treated water for less than $1 a day.

There is a difference between watercolor and tap water color. The first is a type of painting. The second is something you don’t want to see when you turn on a faucet in your house.

The answer to the question posed by this blog’s title – what color is your water? – should be ‘none.’ Your water should be clear. If it’s not, it probably isn’t going to taste as good, and it may be doing damage to your plumbing.

It could be the exact opposite too. Faulty and rusted pipes in residential buildings are notorious for contaminating the water supply. To solve the problem of rusty pipes, you could try this trusted Chicago plumber, if not for one who operates closer to you.

Remember, you need to have top-notch plumbing in your home to ensure a steady supply of clean water. In addition to that, you should do some groundwork to find out where you’re getting your water supply from, and how it is treated before it reaches your home.

This is important because certain supplies may not have the filtration systems to completely remove toxins and other similar contaminants. Such cases would require you to take an extra step and install a filter and a water softener if you want water that is free of chemicals and heavy metals.

So, let’s move on to what can affect the color and taste of the water that comes out of the taps in your house. Does your water have a slightly yellow or grey coloring? That is likely caused by iron or manganese. It’s not dangerous, but it’s not something you ever want to see.

Does your water have a slightly yellow or gray coloring? That is likely caused by iron or manganese. It’s not dangerous, but it’s not something you ever want to see.

Is it red or brown? This can happen with older homes that are still using their original iron pipes, which are subject to rust. It’s also a sign that those pipes may not have many good days left. In this case, it would be a smart move to get a Residential Plumber to replace it as soon as possible. It’s vital to act quickly, because the high iron content in the water could affect your health and cause skin irritation, hair loss, allergies, and more.

A blue or green tint in your water or fixtures is a sign of copper pipes corrosion that may need attention. For some of these challenges, you’ll need the help of a plumber. Don’t attempt to try and repair the pipes yourself as you may end up doing more harm than good. You might end up racking a bill that would be cheap if you let it be. So, leave it to the professionals if you’re unsure!

But for the most common tap water color issues, there are steps you can take to restore the clean, healthy look and taste of your drinking water.

You’ll find several of those options on our website: Filtration and reverse osmosis systems that reduce dirt and rust; water conditioners that remove contaminants such as iron and manganese from your municipal water supply; water softeners that prevent chemical deposits. Contact us for help in deciding which solution is best for you.

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Do you need a water softener? In all but a very few parts of the world, the answer should be YES. After you answer the following questions about why soft water is for you to read on about exciting 21st-century technology to make it happen.

1. How does my laundry look? Water hardness interferes with soap and detergents. Result? Water that doesn’t get ‘sudsy’ enough to clean, a fabric-damaging film on clothes, and unsightly surface scum left behind in your washer.

2. Is there a white, chalky substance on my faucets and shower walls?
That’s mostly limescale, a material made of calcium carbonate. You can scrub it off but it will keep coming back as long as you use your sinks and shower. It’s one of the most obvious signs of hard water. If you’ve just had a renovation done, be it one with Glass Shower Direct shower walls or with other products, seeing this buildup can be frustrating, and water softeners may be the best counter you could do.

3. Has the water pressure dropped?
Once again, the culprit is limescale. It accumulates on the inside of your pipes when they are exposed to hard water, and those deposits will continue to build up until they begin restricting the flow of water.

We have offered products for years that solve hard water problems and are environmentally perfect — no use of salt or chemicals, not a single drop of water goes wastefully to drain, no electricity used and no moving parts that require service. Our Aquafer and ESF units replace traditional softeners that use technologies from the 1920s that discharge salt and wastewater to drain, require electricity, and are plagued with costly service calls. The Aquafer offers treated water for less than $1 a day.

You’ll find several environmentally friendly products on our website. Please contact us if you need help deciding which water softener solution is best for your home or business.

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Bottled Water Cost

Americans will spend $16 billion on bottled water this year. Think about it – millions of us every day will go out and pay to get something that is more or less the same as what comes out of our kitchen faucet.

Of course, it’s that ‘more or less’ detail that makes all the difference.

Bottled water, whether it is labeled as artesian, mineral or spring water, is regulated by the FDA and must meet that organization’s water quality standards. That gives us a sense of confidence that this water is healthier and safer, and it usually tastes better too.

But what if you could achieve those same levels of quality and taste in your tap water? How much money would that add back into your family’s budget?

Is It Just Tap Water?

Believe it or not, even if you buy water from the store you may be drinking someone’s tap water anyway. Pictures of mountains and glaciers on bottle labels help consumers to visualize the purity of a clear stream in the reverse osmosisckies, but that doesn’t mean that is where the contents originated.

Those brands that do put more effort into their product will filter water using reverse osmosis, which removes impurities and particles larger than .001 microns. But that is something you can do as well.

Dimewater Inc. offers several reverse osmosis systems that remove bacteria, pyrogens, viruses, pesticides, dissolved solids, sulfates, radioactive contaminants, pharmaceuticals, and other harmful particles from your water.  Choose from our standard product line of reverse osmosis systems or choose to utilize our in-house engineering team to design a custom engineered system based upon your needs.

Call us at 760.734.5787 and get in touch with one of our water experts today.

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Filtered water health benefits you may not have considered. Water is such an essential part of our lives that we use it several times a day without even thinking about it.

But it is important to think about because the quality of the water you use has a direct impact on the quality of your life, and the lives of your family. If you would like to order some quality water then you may want to order some from customwater.com.

Why consider a residential water filter? Here are four reasons:

1. It Removes Unhealthy Substances

This is one of the most obvious filtered water health benefits of water filtration, and the most significant. Obviously, you would prefer that the water you drink out of the tap, the water you bathe and shower in, and the water you put in your pet’s water dish be as clean and healthy and free from contaminants as possible. Water filtration achieves this goal and allows you to use your tap water with confidence. However, you need to ensure that you get one that suits your home requirements. One way to do so is by getting an expert opinion from plumbing services such as Tom Moffett Plumbing ( to know more, check www.moffettplumbing.com/areas-we-serve/plumber-seal-beach-ca/).

2. The Water Tastes Better

One of the most pleasing by-products of healthier water is that it tastes better as well. Think of what you’re spending now on bottled water – what if you could get that same taste out of the tap? With water filtration systems, this is very possible!

3. Doing Your Part for the Environment

When you stop using bottled water, you stop having to dispose of all those empty plastic water bottles, which is good for the environment – and probably good for your refrigerator, as you’ll have an extra shelf to fill with food now that all those bottles are gone.

4. Food and Other Beverages Tastes Better Too

Water is often used in food and drink preparation, whether it is soup, tea, lemonade, or chicken stock. It’s used to clean vegetables, to boil potatoes or pasta, and to dilute sauces so they are less viscous. When that water has been filtered, it will make so many of the foods you eat tastier and healthier.

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Hard water and skin problems can go hand in hand. Hard water is generally considered more of a nuisance than a health issue.

When people use water conditioners to eliminate hard water from their homes, they do so to protect their fixtures and appliances, to improve the appearance of clothing after it is washed, and to stop scale buildup on ceramic tile and shower doors, as well as spots on their glasses and dishes.

But a recent study from England offers another reason to keep hard water away from your home and your family. It suggests that hard water may damage our protective skin barrier, which can lead to the development of such skin conditions as eczema.

Those most vulnerable to eczema are infants. According to Web MD, between 10% and 20% of babies and small children will contract this itchy skin infection.

Hard water could also worsen existing skin conditions such as psoriasis. In fact, psoriasis is not just a skin condition but it can consequently lead to joint pain (known as psoriatic arthritis), depressive symptoms, and lower quality of life. Nowadays, there are more natural remedies out there (know the connection between medical marijuana and psoriasis) to help diminish and manage symptoms. However, using hard water should be a complete no-no for people with this condition.

Hard water contains higher levels of calcium and magnesium ions, that can stick to skin and also stick to the soap that we use for washing. Prolonged exposure reduces the skin’s natural defenses.

In addition to an increased eczema risk, a compromised skin barrier could also contribute to the development of other conditions, including sunburn. However, a variety of products such as an eczema relief cream or acne reduction cream might help reduce such skin problems. Some doctors might even recommend using different kinds of topical steroids, which can be highly useful, no doubt. However, such methods might come along with the risk of topical steroid withdrawal, which can cause more irritation to the skin, and ultimately require therapy to get under control. Hence, it might be safest to stick to regular skincare products or the ones you trust. You can find the right ones for your skin by taking a quick look online. Little research into ingredients and properties of serums by reading a propaira review or others could be beneficial in deciding which product can work for specific issues. Nevertheless, water being a vital part of skincare and health, it becomes important to ensure its quality as well.

The researchers who prepared the study then looked into whether removing the calcium and magnesium ions using an ion-exchange water softener could halt the negative effects. And that’s exactly what it did.

The link between hard water and skin problems such as eczema is just one more reason to consider adding a water softener to your home.

At Dimewater Inc., our engineers are always prepared to help you choose the right water softener to meet your needs. Contact us at 760.734.5787.

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It happens every few months – a colorful brochure arrives from new water filter manufacturers in the mail with dire warnings about the quality of the water in your home, and offering an exciting new water treatment solution, and maybe the chance to win a trip to Bermuda if you call right now.

These pitches are right about one thing – residential water filtration system offers many health and quality-of-life benefits for your family. But not all water filter manufacturers are alike. There are unscrupulous fly-by-night providers that will overcharge for water treatment while providing a product that doesn’t get the job done.

When you are ready to explore your options, you are more likely to get a quality product from a company that has been around for a while and offers facts instead of inflated claims.

Our advice? Look beyond the sales pitch, the scare tactics, and trumped-up claims about systems that are maintenance-free and cheaper than anything else on the market.

Dime Water has been around for more than 20 years. We offer an array of water treatment solutions, instead of trying to convince you that the same system that works for one type of situation would be equally effective elsewhere.

Our proven residential water filtration solutions include one that can meet your present and future needs, and we will always be upfront with you about installation, maintenance, warranty, and cost.

Get the facts about water filtration by calling Dime Water now: (760) 734-5787.

The EPA has made a preliminary determination to regulate strontium in the nation’s drinking water and will evaluate public feedback following a 60-day public comment period in order to determine whether to issue a final determination to regulate strontium.

If this determination will be made, the EPA will begin the process of developing a proposed rule, with hopes of publishing the final regulatory determinations in 2015, as mentioned in the October 20th, 2014 news release.

The press release also mentions 4 other contaminants (dimethoate, 1,3 dinitrobenzene, terbufos, and terbufos sulfone), which do not require regulation at this time, as they are either not found or are found at low levels of occurrence in public water systems.

What Is Strontium and How Does It Affect Our Health?

Strontium is a natural and commonly occurring element, usually found in nature in the form of minerals. Pure strontium is a hard, white-colored metal, but cannot be found in this form in the environment. There are 2 types of strontium compounds: those that dissolve in water and those that do not. Strontium can also exist as radioactive isotopes, with strontium-90 being the most hazardous of the radioactive isotopes of this chemical element. It forms in nuclear reactors or during the explosion of nuclear weapons.

Strontium-90 is used in medical and agricultural studies, thermoelectric devices, navigational beacons, remote weather stations and space vehicles, electron tubes, radioluminescent markers, and for the treatment of eye diseases. Appearing adjacent to calcium on the Periodic Table of Elements, strontium is not toxic. However, it has the ability to displace calcium in the bones of humans and animals, which can result in poor bone quality and/or bone development issues in infants.

Because strontium is so prevalent in the earth’s crust it appears in an estimated 99% of municipal water supplies and further estimated that 10% of all sources will have levels deemed excessive.

Strontium-90 behaves like calcium in the human body and tends to deposit in bone and bloodforming tissue (bone marrow). Thus, strontium-90 is referred to as a “bone seeker,” and exposure will increase the risk for several diseases including bone cancer, cancer of the soft tissue near the bone, and leukemia. Risks from exposure depend on the concentration of strontium-90 in air, water, and soil. At higher exposures, such as those associated with the Chernobyl accident, the cancer risks may be elevated. The magnitude of this health risk would depend on exposure conditions, such as the amount ingested.

EPA Facts about Strontium-90

Has the EPA made Any Recommendations to Protect Human Health?

The EPA has established a Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) of 4 millirems per year for beta particle and photon radioactivity from man-made radionuclides in drinking water. The average concentration for strontium-90 that is assumed to yield 4 millirems per year is 8 picoCuries per liter (pCi/L). Also, if other radionuclides that emit beta particles and photon radioactivity are present in addition to strontium-90, the sum of the annual dose from all the radionuclides cannot exceed 4 millirems/year.

Removing Radioactive or Natural Strontium from Water

Conventional treatment was not effective at removing strontium from the water but the following processes were found to be highly effective for the removal of radioactive or natural strontium:

• adsorptive media: up to 99% removal
• reverse osmosis: >99% removal
• ion exchange: greater than 99% removal

A number of adsorptive media were effective for studies with strontium-90, with a synthetic zeolite being most effective at 75-80% removal and bentonite clay at higher pH (7.4 to 8), removing 85-90% of the strontium-90 from water. Hydrated manganese oxide at higher pH (8 to 10) was most effective at removing natural strontium, with 90-92% removal.

Removal of strontium-90 by 2 cation exchange media was found to be highly effective, greater than 99% removal in one case, based on one study involving bench-scale isotherm tests using groundwater. Also, removal improved with contact time. Ion exchange has proven to be the Best Available Technology for the control of beta particle emitters like strontium-90.

Natural strontium was effectively removed with membrane separation (97 to greater than 99%) and reverse osmosis is the Best Available Technology for the control of beta particle emitters like radioactive strontium. Call us at 760.734.5787 and get in touch with one of our water experts today to learn more about strontium and how to remove it from your water!

Resources:

• http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/phs/phs.asp?id=654&tid=120
• https://www.epa.gov/radiation/radionuclide-basics-strontium-90

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Water Treatment Values

Commercial Water Treatment filters provide better tasting and better smelling drinking water by removing chlorine and bacterial contaminants. Point-of-use water filters remove lead from drinking water immediately prior to consumption, thus preventing this harmful substance from entering the body. Dime Water, Inc.’s residential water softeners can help you feel the difference between good water and excellent water in San Diego, California!

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Your family’s safety is not merely your responsibility. It should be one of your greatest priorities in life. Dangers can come from different sources so you have to be vigilant all the time. You should be aware that some of the major culprits behind many serious health risks are likely penetrating your home on a daily basis through your water faucet. Dime Water can help you in providing filtered water for your family in San Diego, CA.

Dime Water in San Diego, California, a water treatment manufacturer, manufactures the best quality water systems at the lowest available prices. Call us now at (760) 734-5787 for inquiries.

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Want to promote healthy skin and proper digestion? Interested in a natural detoxifier? Wondering how you can get these perks? Drink a glass of water. Water is a basic necessity; it fuels organ function, flushes toxins from the body and helps the body work with optimal efficiency. The body is more than two-thirds water, and keeping it hydrated is vital. Other reasons to have water as a regular part of your day include:

Healthy blood and bones. Your blood is over 80 percent water and your bones are over 50 percent water. Proper hydration allows the body to move nutrients through the blood, strengthening red blood cells and delivering nutrients like calcium to bones. Hydration is also required to optimize the creation of new blood and bone cells.

Toxin elimination. Skip the fancy (and costly) detox plans. Water travels through the body, pulling impurities along with it. Plain water naturally helps remove toxins as it moves through the lymphatic system, intestines and kidneys. The toxins are flushed from your body without taking your money along with it. Water has been known to be very effective in being able to get rid of all the toxins that are in your body. But what if there is a chance that it doesn’t work as effectively as you want it too? That’s when you may be required to spend a little bit of money to help you to feel better. This ionic foot detox machine is just one of the many options that you can consider if you want to ensure that all of the toxins can be flushed from your body in a similar way to what water can provide. Other ways of detoxing can include natural supplements as part of an overall cleanse. Companies similar to loveyourliver.com can offer products that complement a well-balanced detox plan. It may be best to think about drinking plenty of water first before thinking about other possibilities.

Lubricated joints. Your joints are surrounded by fluid that allows them to move freely. Hydrated, free-moving joints are able to perform their proper function. Water helps protect against wear and tear and can even help reduce joint pain. Another way to help reduce joint pain is to look at natural treatments that can ease issues that may be plaguing you with your joint and muscles but are less invasive than medical procedures (if not a necessity). Medical marijuana, like the grape cookies strain, has been seen to be highly beneficial in this area and have people discussing with their doctors how to go about this.

Proper digestion. Water moves food through the digestive system and helps prevent constipation by adding bulk to stools and fluid to the colon.

Even minor dehydration can lead to headaches, irritability, impaired concentration, and fatigue. The human brain is 85 percent water; drinking water keeps the brain hydrated and is essential for proper functioning.
Healthy skin. Water hydrates from the inside out, helping to maintain the elasticity of the skin. Hydrated skin helps you look younger, complete with that healthy youthful glow.

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There is currently a huge increase in interest in water treatment products. This interest level crosses all market segments- residential, commercial and industrial and appears to be fueled by health and water shortage issues at the residential level. Water treatment products interest in the commercial and industrial markets is motivated by a number of factors primarily water conservation, product improvements, and regulatory demands.As time goes on we anticipate the interest in and demand for treatment products to continue at an even higher rate driven by the publicity of water contaminants, water scarcity, increase in industrial sophistication and bureaucratic pressures.

One of the more positive results of an interest increase is the increase in water treatment options. Prior to developments in the 1970s water treatment options consisted of ion exchange, distillation, and a few filter media selections. Water got treated but chemical and salt waste (pollution) were high, water waste was out of control, energy consumption was out of line and spent media disposal loaded with toxic materials was the norm. Today, we are equipped with better water treatment plants and also highly regulated waste water treatment centers. Also, there are different stormwater prevention plan companies in houston tx (and elsewhere) that could make sure that the waste water from sewer systems, construction sites, and industrial areas are treated properly.

Current water treatment options still include ion exchange, distillation and media filters to be used judiciously and are now supplemented by new treatment products including reverse osmosis, forward osmosis, electro deionization, capacitive deionization, ultraviolet, advanced oxidation process, cartridge filtration, non-chemical (physical) hardness scale prevention, long life redox media and ultrasonic devices.An entirely new family of water options appealing to a rapidly growing group of water purists consists of treatment products and processes to increase alkalinity, add electrolytes, add elemental hydrogen, add crystalline vibrations, add magnetic impulses, follow the Golden Ratio, energize via vortex and improve hydration through surface tension reduction.

As a prospective purchaser of water treatment products, there is wisdom in doing due diligence and explore your water treatment options to obtain precisely what is best for you. Further, you are best served by working with a prospective supplier that offers more than one or two options and is prepared to discuss them at a technical level and not simply provide a glossy brochure.

High-quality lab water derived from a laboratory water purification system is one of the most important components of a successful laboratory. Regarding the process of purifying lab water, consider thinking in terms of two processes — one is at the application point and the other is the pre-treatment. Because the requirements for lab water quality are so high, dedicated equipment (see Arrow Mixing, for examples) is often specified at each application point for purification as well as for blending of samples, sedimentation analyses, or staining. This type of scientific equipment can be purchased online from laboratory equipment specialists such as SciQuip. Such equipment does a beautiful job BUT typically their capacity in gallons is quite low and replacement filters, membranes, lamps, etc. can also be costly.

To maintain the desired application quality and minimize replacement costs it is best to add pre-treatment to your laboratory water purification system. This is most effective if it includes processes to eliminate chlorine, reduce TDS (Total Dissolved Solids) and eliminate chloramines and destroy microorganisms which would consist of filtration, reverse osmosis or deionization, and ultraviolet. Sophistication, instrumentation, and process steps for this lab water pre-treatment can be scaled to virtually any volume and flow requirement and pays for itself in a short period of time. To make sure that the water is at the right temperature as well as the lab, temperature mapping services will be advantageous in this instance, it will monitor the surrounding area making sure that any and all lab equipment and specimens are not compromised.

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There have been many changes in commercial water softeners. Gone (almost) are the days of metal pressure vessels (tanks) that have a horrible history of failure due to corrosion and a nest of diaphragm control valves that technologically date back to the 1930s and are a service nightmare.

Current commercial water softeners utilize corrosion-proof, extended life tanks constructed of polyethylene for chemical inertness and covered in epoxy and fiberglass for superior strength. In addition, the nest of valves has been replaced with a single serviceable fully automatic valve.

Complimenting the modern tanks and valves on commercial water softeners are integrated control systems with a multitude of features to reduce salt usage and wastewater discharge and multiple systems to guarantee softened water 24/7.

If contemplating the purchase of a commercial water softener, contact a manufacturer with the engineering expertise to understand your specific needs and provide the system that has not only a low cost but also the longest life and lowest operating cost.

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There are a number of items to consider when contemplating the purchase of a commercial reverse osmosis system. They include:

Commercial reverse osmosis systems are sized and priced based on the volume of treated water required in a 24 hour day expressed as GPD. For longevity of the system, a good duty cycle is 12-18 hours daily run time.

or an atmospheric tank with a re-pressure pump for release at desired flow rates when needed. Be aware of the tank space required.

There is a wastewater stream associated with commercial reverse osmosis units. The ratio of treated water volume to the total water entering the system is called its RECOVERY with this percentage dependent on raw water chemistry and ranges from 50% to 85%.

Systems cannot remove 100% of everything dissolved in the water. The percentage removed is called REJECTION and varies from 95% to 99% based on inlet water chemistry and system design. Custom commercial reverse osmosis units can be custom designed to provide even a higher rejection percentage to often eliminate the need for post-treatment with deionization.

Although we refer to systems as commercial reverse osmosis units the membranes can be replaced with NANO membranes and then called NANO systems that can offer advantages to the user. Advantages include lower operating pressures to save energy and longer system life; increased water efficiency with less drain water. Rejection is reduced to 85-90% but that water quality level may be adequate for your needs.

As a general rule when obtaining a quote or purchasing a commercial reverse osmosis system or NANO systems have full knowledge in advance of what quality water you need, daily peak use, peak flow requirement and source of water to be treated. If you are not prompted to provide this information by the prospective supplier, move on to one that will.

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The shade balls are not necessarily a new invention to help solve our global water issues, they have been around for quite a while, but they have known by the name or “Bird Balls”, “Hallow Balls” or “Armor Balls”, and they have been used by the airports to prevent birds from nesting on the runways. The FAA approved them and it was such a good solution to their problem with wildlife that they are still using them today.

However, the novelty about these shade balls is that now, they are being used to prevent water from evaporation. The city of Los Angeles has coated its reservoirs in millions of black plastic balls, being the first city to use this type of innovation for water quality control. In a press release, the city claims shade balls are a “cost-effective way to reduce evaporation each year by nearly 300 million gallons, enough to provide drinking water for 8,100 people for a full year.” LADWP (Los Angeles Department of Water and Power) is the first utility company to use this technology and the deployment of 20,000 shade balls on August 10 marked the final phase of an effort that involved the deployment of 96 million shade balls into the 175-acre reservoir.

The balls cost 36 cents each, for a total of $34.5 million. Located in Sylmar, the reservoir holds up to 3.3 billion gallons, which is enough to supply the city with drinking water for up to 3 weeks. This project brings the LA Reservoir into compliance with new federal water quality mandates and is expected to save $250 million when compared to other tools considered to meet this goal. The shade balls will also prevent the annual loss to evaporation of about 300 million gallons of water. The utility has been testing the concept since 2008, reporting that shade balls reduce evaporation by 85% to 90%.

Shade Balls Used as a Health Prevention Method

Since this water was meant for public consumption, an emergency method was needed to reduce the amount of bromate to levels accepted by the health standards. On the other hand, the construction of another reservoir was approximated to take about four years to complete, but people could not afford living with a water shortage for such a long time. As far as the water storage facilities are concerned, the shade balls have also been used to cover the open reservoirs in LA since 2008. Because at that time the Ivanhoe Reservoir registered high amounts of bromate, they had to protect the water from the sunlight.

The solution proved to be very efficient because these shade balls, being spherical, would reverse osmosistate and keep up with the water level and would also cover over 90% of the water surface, which was exactly what they were looking for.

In the midst of California’s historic drought, it takes bold ingenuity to maximize my goals for water conservation. This effort by LADWP is emblematic of the kind of the creative thinking we need to meet those challenges. Together, we’ve led the charge to cut our city’s water usage by 13%, and today we complete an infrastructure investment that saves our ratepayers millions and protects a vital source of drinking water for years to come.

Mayor Eric Garcetti

Shade Balls: Keeping Our Water Clean

Depending on their intended purpose, the shade balls have a ballast filling, which makes them weigh around 160g to 275g, and have a constant diameter of 4 inches. The amount of ballast keeps them 30% to 50% submerged, keeping them floating even on windy weather. The thick membrane cover is not affected by rain, snow or ice, and the special formula of polyethylene does not accommodate vegetarian growth on top, nor the formation of algae underneath the water.

They also serve as an air-water separation mechanism and keep the airborne dust, dirt and grime out of the water, which is another advantage of using them. If there is a lower amount of water or a lower amount of turbidity that has to be filtered, they ultimately save a lot of money out of pumping cost. Because all that water from a reservoir has to be filtered somewhere along the line and the cleaner the water is the less pressure it takes to drive it through their filters.

Shade Balls Reduce Global Water Evaporation

The 4 inches thick water cover acts as a shield against evaporation. By being used to separate the water from the heat of the sun, the average temperature of the surface water is going to be kept lower, and therefore, there is going to be less evaporation and you will save a lot of water. The manufacturers (XavierC, Artisan Screen Process, and Orange Products) say the balls should last about 25 years.

Many people have wondered why these shade balls are a heat-absorbing black instead of light-reflecting white. The purpose of those balls has nothing to do with keeping the reservoirs cool! They block sunlight, so the ultraviolet light does not catalyze bad chemical reactions. The balls are coated in carbon black, a food-safe pigment with an albedo near zero. Both these characteristics are vital in explaining why the balls are a dull light-absorbing black instead of a shiny light-reflecting white.

The balls are painted black because the color provides more protection than any translucent or opaque color would, as Sydney Chase, a spokeswoman for XavierC said.

After decades of testing, black has been deemed the color that provides the best protection. The other issue is sun protection — sunlight reflects right off the surface instead of penetrating through, like it would with translucent colors. The color concentrate is made of a certain material, and that also has to be tested to make sure it complies with drinking water standards.

Sydney Chase, spokeswoman for XavierC

Why Are Shade Balls Efficient?

It is a pretty good concept, they are inexpensive, and it surely makes a whole lot of sense to use them. The shade balls work best as air-water separation system when they are used to cover open reservoirs that have a nice concrete side to it and are of a clean geometrical shape, like a rectangular or even an oval. To learn more about how you can save water during these difficult times, contact us at 760.734.5787 and get in touch with one of our engineers.

Resources:

• http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2015/08/150812-shade-balls-los-angeles-California-drought-water-environment/
• https://gizmodo.com/why-are-drought-balls-black-instead-of-white-1724040253
• https://mashable.com/archive/los-angeles-reservoir-shade-balls
• https://www.ladwpnews.com/category/water-conservation/

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